南海深水工程勘察挑战与案例分析

doi:10.11978/2024058

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 200-210.doi: 10.11978/2024058CSTR: 32234.14.2024058

• 海洋地质学 • 上一篇

南海深水工程勘察挑战与案例分析

冯湘子¹(), 李昱霏¹, 王微微², 王大伟³^,⁴()

1.中海油田服务股份有限公司, 物探事业部, 天津 300451
2.中国石油大学(华东), 控制科学与工程学院, 山东青岛 266071
3.中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所, 深海地球物理与资源研究室, 海南三亚 572000
4.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东珠海 519082

收稿日期:2024-03-14 修回日期:2024-04-27 出版日期:2025-01-10 发布日期:2025-02-10
通讯作者: 王大伟
作者简介:
冯湘子(1986—), 男, 硕士, 主要从事海洋工程勘察行业。email: fengxz@cosl.com.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC2805503); 中国海洋油气集团公司项目(陵水17-2气田群开发工程场地详细勘察)

Challenges and case analysis of deepwater engineering investigation in the South China Sea

FENG Xiangzi¹(), Li Yufei¹, Wang Weiwei², Wang Dawei³^,⁴()

1. Geophysical, China Oilfield Services Limited, Tianjin 300451, China
2. School of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266071, China
3. Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Deep Sea Geophysics and Resources Research Office, Sanya 572000, China
4. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Provincial Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China

Received:2024-03-14 Revised:2024-04-27 Online:2025-01-10 Published:2025-02-10
Contact: Wang Dawei
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program Project(2022YFC2805503); China National Offshore Oil and Gas Corporation Project (Detailed Survey of Lingshui 17-2 Gas Field Group Development Project Site)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在海洋石油工程向深水迈进过程中, 海洋工程勘察从业者关注到具有潜在威胁的地质现象, 发现了若干与浅水区域具有明显差异的独特地质灾害, 对钻井平台就位、导管架平台和浮式平台设计、海底管缆路由优选, 均造成了一定影响。本文基于多个深水海洋工程勘察案例, 通过对工程物探调查、工程地质调查及海洋环境调查数据分析, 阐述深水地质灾害特征及其对海洋工程影响, 优化海洋工程设计方案。研究表明, 深水区广泛发育沙波、陡坎、硬质海底、断层、海底峡谷、块体搬运沉积体(mass transport deposits, MTDs)等地貌和灾害类型, 采用自主式水下航行器等近底潜载调查方式, 可以获取厘米级分辨率的调查成果, 结合船载调查数据和土工试验数据, 能够进行斜坡稳定性分析与海底浅地层划分, 为海洋工程建设提供设计依据。

关键词: 深水, 海底地形地貌, 浅层地质灾害, 油气田开发, 海底管道路由

Abstract:

The marine engineering survey focuses on the geological hazards that threaten the marine engineering. In the process of moving towards the deep water, it has also been found that several unique geological phenomena, distinct from shallow water areas, have a certain impact on the positioning of drilling platforms, the design of jacket platforms and floating platforms, and the optimization of submarine pipeline and cable routes. Based on the results of many deepwater well site surveys and deep-water oil and gas field development project surveys, this paper expounds the characteristics of deep-water geological hazards, the methods of research and evaluation and the impact on marine engineering through the results of engineering geophysical survey, engineering geological survey and marine environmental survey, and provides a better idea for the investigation and design of deep-water marine engineering. The researches show that the deep water is widely developed with sand waves, scarps, hard seabed, faults, submarine canyons, mass transport deposits and other geological disaster phenomena. When conducting engineering geophysical survey, the use of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and other survey methods to obtain centimeter resolution survey results can effectively reduce the observation period of seabed sand wave movement rate, and obtain more accurate water depth topographic data to support the marine engineering design. Combined with the shallow soil sample results and shallow profile results of the engineering geological survey, the seabed strata can be effectively divided and the slope stability analysis can be carried out, providing the design basis for the offshore engineering construction.

Key words: deepwater, submarine topography and landforms, shallow geological hazards, oil and gas field development, submarine pipeline routing

中图分类号:

P714+.6

冯湘子, 李昱霏, 王微微, 王大伟. 南海深水工程勘察挑战与案例分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(1): 200-210.

FENG Xiangzi, Li Yufei, Wang Weiwei, Wang Dawei. Challenges and case analysis of deepwater engineering investigation in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(1): 200-210.

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勘察阶段	勘察工作内容与重点	勘察平台与技术手段	勘探比例尺
可研勘察	了解区域地形地貌与地质构造, 识别地质灾害类型和特征, 评价构筑物地基的适宜性	收集历史资料, 辅以已有的地形地貌图, 补充船载多波束、浅地层探测和表层／柱状取样	1:100 000
ODP 勘察	初步查明水下井场、管道路由区的地形地貌、工程地质条件, 提供设计所需的岩土参数及评价地质灾害危害性。	深拖/AUV/ROV(remotely operated vehicle) 平台的多波束、侧扫声呐和浅地层剖面为主, 辅以船载地震探测, 结合部分钻探、原位测试和室内试验	1:2 000~1:10 000
基本设计勘察	查明浮式生产储油船 (floating production storage and offloading, FPSO)锚位、水下井口等的精细地形地貌、海底构筑物影响范围内岩土分布及其物理力学性质, 评价地质灾害风险	深拖/AUV/ROV 平台的多波束、侧扫声呐和浅地层探测, 结合钻探、原位测试和室内试验; 以及现场监测	1:500~1:2 000
施工勘察(包括施工勘察、运营期间在位检测勘察及废弃勘察)	对施工、运行和废弃等阶段的工程地质问题, 如冲蚀、沉陷和土质软化蠕变进行勘察与监测	AUV/ROV 的周期检测和原位现场监测	根据工程

区块	区块概位	经度	纬度
A	东沙群岛西北	116.4°E	21.5°N
B	琼东南盆地	110.6°E	17.4°N
C	琼东南盆地宝岛凹陷	110.4°E	18.4°N

南海深水工程勘察挑战与案例分析

Challenges and case analysis of deepwater engineering investigation in the South China Sea

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