8000a BP以来东沙西南海域深水珊瑚的发育演化特征及其控制因素*

doi:10.11978/2022037

热带海洋学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 98-113.doi: 10.11978/2022037CSTR: 32234.14.2022037

8000a BP以来东沙西南海域深水珊瑚的发育演化特征及其控制因素^*

张斌¹^,²^,³(), 陈忠¹^,²(), 许安涛², 王雪松⁴, 田雨杭¹^,², 张应威¹^,²^,³

1.三亚海洋生态环境工程研究院, 海南三亚 572000
2.中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室, 南海海洋研究所, 广东广州 510301
3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
4.中国地质大学, 湖北武汉 430074

收稿日期:2022-02-24 修回日期:2022-04-11 出版日期:2023-01-10 发布日期:2022-04-14
通讯作者: 陈忠。email: chzhsouth@scsio.ac.cn
作者简介:
张斌(1997—), 安徽省阜阳市人, 硕士研究生, 主要从事海洋沉积与环境变化研究。email: zhangbin@scsio.ac.cn
*感谢各位审稿专家对本文提出的宝贵建议, 感谢曹立博士在成文过程中提供的有益讨论, 感谢中国科学院南海海洋研究所“实验1”号科学考察船提供研究样品。
基金资助:
三亚崖州湾科技管理局2022年度科技计划项目(SKJC-2020-01-012); 国家自然科学基金项目(41976065); 国家自然科学基金项目(41776061); 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0104)

Evolution characteristics and controlling factors of deep-water corals in the southwest Dongsha Sea area since 8000 a BP^*

ZHANG Bin¹^,²^,³(), CHEN Zhong¹^,²(), XU Antao², WANG Xuesong⁴, TIAN Yuhang¹^,², ZHANG Yingwei¹^,²^,³

1. Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572000, China
2. Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2022-02-24 Revised:2022-04-11 Online:2023-01-10 Published:2022-04-14
Contact: CHEN Zhong. email: chzhsouth@scsio.ac.cn
Supported by:
The 2020 Research Program of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(SKJC-2020-01-012); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41976065); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41776061); Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0104)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深水珊瑚骨骼记录了珊瑚生长环境的精细变化, 但目前对南海深水珊瑚生长的影响因素、演化阶段及其对海洋环境变化的响应仍缺乏了解。本文通过对东沙西南海域深水珊瑚骨骼的化学元素、U-Th年龄进行测定和研究, 揭示8000a BP以来东沙西南海域深水珊瑚的发育演化特征及其控制因素。深水珊瑚常微量元素组合及因子分析表明, 底流活动、初级生产力、陆源物质影响了东沙西南海域深水珊瑚的生长和演化。根据U-Th年龄将深水珊瑚演化划分为4个阶段, 分别为Ⅰ (8000~4500a BP)、Ⅱ (4500~2500a BP)、Ⅲ (2500~1200a BP)、Ⅳ (1200a BP至今)。海底流速、有机颗粒物、海水温度与热含量、生源元素供给的剧烈动荡变化导致了4500~2500a BP珊瑚发育间断, 较强底流活动、较强冬季风和有机颗粒物供给的消长变化影响了东沙西南海域深水珊瑚的演化阶段及其特征。本文研究为深入探究大洋边缘深水珊瑚影响因素、发育演化特征及其对海洋过程的响应提供了新视角。

关键词: 深水珊瑚, U-Th年龄, 演化阶段, 全新世, 东沙西南海域

Abstract:

Deep-water coral (DWC) skeletons record the fine changes in the environment where corals grow. However, the factors influencing the growth of DWCs in the South China Sea, evolutionary stages, and their responses to marine environmental changes are not well understood at present. In this paper, the chemical elements and U-Th ages of DWC skeletons in the Southwest sea area of Dongsha were determined and studied to reveal the development and evolution characteristics of DWCs since 8000 a BP and the factors controlling their growth. Major and trace elements and factor analysis of DWCs show that the growth and evolution of DWCs in the Southwest sea area of Dongsha are influenced by bottom current activity, primary productivity, and terrigenous materials. The evolution of DWCs can be divided into four stages according to U-Th age, Ⅰ: 8000~4500 a BP; Ⅱ: 4500~2500 a BP; Ⅲ: 2500~1200 a BP; Ⅳ: 1200 a BP till now. The drastic fluctuation of bottom current velocity, organic particulate matter, seawater temperature and heat content, and the supply of biogenic materials resulted in the development discontinuity of DWCs at 4500~2500 a BP. The strong bottom current activity, strong winter monsoon, and the supply of organic particulate matter affected the evolution stage and characteristics of DWCs in the southwest sea area of Dongsha. The results provide a new perspective for further exploring the influencing factors, development, and evolution characteristics of DWCs at ocean margins and their responses to ocean processes.

Key words: deep-water coral, U-Th age, evolution stage, Holocene, southwest sea area of Dongsha

张斌, 陈忠, 许安涛, 王雪松, 田雨杭, 张应威. 8000a BP以来东沙西南海域深水珊瑚的发育演化特征及其控制因素^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2023, 42(1): 98-113.

ZHANG Bin, CHEN Zhong, XU Antao, WANG Xuesong, TIAN Yuhang, ZHANG Yingwei. Evolution characteristics and controlling factors of deep-water corals in the southwest Dongsha Sea area since 8000 a BP^*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(1): 98-113.

图/表 9

图1

表1

表2

深水珊瑚的常量和微量元素含量"

序号	Ca	Mg	Mn	P	Ti	Li	B	Sc	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Sr	Y	Zr	Ba	Pb	Th	U
C2	0.39	0.60	0.45	82.39	0.41	0.69	37.55	0.60	0.10	0.82	0.96	11.42	0.27	3.04	8.46	0.22	0.01	16.75	0.41	0.001	4.37
C4-1	0.39	0.56	1.13	76.48	0.39	0.69	36.04	0.59	0.11	0.79	0.98	11.12	0.27	2.96	8.64	0.23	0.01	16.77	0.35	0.001	4.38
C4-2	0.39	0.59	1.19	77.98	0.43	0.70	37.98	0.60	0.10	0.80	0.99	11.24	0.28	5.08	8.64	0.22	0.01	17.02	0.49	0.001	4.47
C5	0.39	0.60	2.44	89.67	0.58	0.65	29.79	0.57	0.14	0.80	1.07	11.76	0.27	3.38	8.45	0.26	0.02	18.62	0.53	0.002	4.36
C7	0.39	0.62	0.96	133.1	0.63	0.69	35.21	0.66	0.11	1.05	1.09	11.83	0.42	4.35	8.44	0.31	0.02	19.51	0.53	0.002	4.24
C8-1	0.38	0.62	0.97	98.35	0.49	0.71	31.81	0.61	0.12	0.77	1.01	11.38	0.35	2.98	8.56	0.27	0.02	16.82	0.47	0.001	4.04
C8-2	0.38	0.59	0.58	70.49	0.38	0.68	25.33	0.49	0.09	0.62	1.00	11.71	0.24	2.45	8.82	0.24	0.01	17.28	0.35	0.001	4.48
C9	0.39	0.67	0.72	94.21	0.44	0.75	31.94	0.61	0.12	0.82	1.00	11.68	0.36	3.08	8.26	0.22	0.01	16.29	0.64	0.001	3.49
C10	0.39	0.58	0.73	73.19	0.38	0.68	28.07	0.52	0.13	0.67	1.01	12.47	0.32	3.16	8.62	0.23	0.01	16.99	0.43	0.001	4.27
C11	0.39	0.60	0.49	82.68	0.42	0.68	35.24	0.63	0.10	0.85	1.01	11.60	0.30	3.48	8.39	0.23	0.01	17.24	0.45	0.001	4.12
C12	0.38	0.56	0.53	91.14	0.45	0.65	32.58	0.64	0.10	0.83	1.01	11.69	0.36	3.22	8.73	0.27	0.01	17.21	0.56	0.001	4.65
C13	0.39	0.67	0.79	129.9	0.76	0.86	39.26	0.70	0.14	1.07	1.00	11.27	0.94	3.32	8.20	0.45	0.03	17.19	0.45	0.002	3.17
C14	0.39	0.55	0.95	114.2	0.77	0.63	31.61	0.73	0.11	0.94	1.10	12.19	0.58	5.54	8.37	0.47	0.03	17.84	0.6	0.003	3.6
C16	0.39	0.53	2.12	132.0	0.95	0.61	31.94	0.74	0.12	0.97	1.17	12.17	0.67	7.64	8.41	0.47	0.04	20.02	0.72	0.005	3.92
C17	0.40	0.58	23.54	69.35	1.19	0.57	16.74	0.49	0.86	381.2	2.40	145.4	14.27	4.28	8.07	0.32	0.04	14.58	0.44	0.006	3.73
C18	0.39	0.55	35.96	98.02	0.91	0.61	34.34	0.68	1.01	464.8	3.27	229	23.08	4.81	8.39	0.32	0.06	19.88	0.61	0.01	4.32
C19	0.38	0.57	13.95	113.4	0.76	0.63	51.15	0.90	0.37	168.6	1.87	92.59	9.08	6.68	8.51	0.33	0.03	17.19	1.18	0.003	4.43
最大值	0.40	0.67	35.96	133.1	1.19	0.86	51.15	0.90	1.01	464.8	3.27	229.0	23.08	7.64	8.82	0.47	0.06	20.02	1.18	0.01	4.65
最小值	0.38	0.53	0.45	69.35	0.38	0.57	16.74	0.49	0.09	0.62	0.96	11.12	0.24	2.45	8.07	0.22	0.01	14.58	0.35	0.001	3.17
平均值	0.39	0.59	5.15	95.68	0.61	0.68	33.33	0.63	0.23	60.38	1.29	37.09	3.06	4.09	8.47	0.30	0.02	17.48	0.54	0.002	4.12

表2

图2

表3

图3

图4

图5

图6

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样品编号	珊瑚类型	²³⁸U /(×10^-9, ±2σ)	²³⁰Th 年龄/(a BP, ±2σ)	来源
C2	石珊瑚	4578.4±6.2	1990±18	本文
C4-1	石珊瑚	4409.4 ±8.6	51±8	本文
C4-2	石珊瑚	4340.0±9.1	125±10	本文
C5	石珊瑚	4230. ±8.9	47±9	本文
C7	石珊瑚	4330.4±6.7	440±9	本文
C8-1	石珊瑚	4164.2±7.9	476±9	本文
C8-2	石珊瑚	4377.9±8.3	471±9	本文
C9	石珊瑚	4621.4 ±8.8	412±9	本文
C10	石珊瑚	4114.7±7.4	391±10	本文
C11	石珊瑚	4777.7 ±9.2	1122±9	本文
C12	石珊瑚	3735.5±7.1	2410±19	本文
C13	石珊瑚	3974.7 ±7.9	2435±23	本文
C14	石珊瑚	4555.4±9.2	370±9	本文
C16	石珊瑚	4207.6±6.4	180±11	本文
C17	石珊瑚	4270.6 ±7.1	4664±20	本文
C18	石珊瑚	4553.9±8.2	7610±26	本文
C19	石珊瑚	3873.0±6.3	2476±22	本文
C35	石珊瑚	4885.6±13.5	96±25	本文
C36	石珊瑚	4675.2±8.2	55±23	本文
C37	石珊瑚	4461.2±10.4	749±43	本文
C38	石珊瑚	4552.4±8.5	437±26	本文
SY067-9-3	柳珊瑚	25.6±0.1	1 010±237	黄恩清等, 2019
SY068-7-2	柳珊瑚	47.8±0.1	9387±3148	黄恩清等, 2019
SY075-16-2	石珊瑚	3799.7±8.5	718.0±44	黄恩清等, 2019
SY076-9	石珊瑚	3830.7±5.5	6154±94	黄恩清等, 2019

序号	Ca	Mg	Mn	P	Ti	Li	B	Sc	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Sr	Y	Zr	Ba	Pb	Th	U
Ca	1.00
Mg	0.02	1.00
Mn	0.21	-0.30	1.00
P	0.18	0.09	-0.07	1.00
Ti	0.53^*	-0.26	0.68^**	0.40	1.00
Li	-0.17	0.81^**	-0.52^*	0.18	-0.46	1.00
B	-0.37	0.06	-0.10	0.44	-0.20	0.30	1.00
Sc	-0.13	-0.18	0.13	0.75^**	0.32	-0.05	0.78^**	1.00
V	0.29	-0.24	0.98^**	-0.12	0.71^**	-0.50^*	-0.22	0.02	1.00
Cr	0.24	-0.27	0.99^**	-0.12	0.70^**	-0.52^*	-0.18	0.06	0.99^**	1.00
Co	0.22	-0.32	0.99^**	-0.02	0.70^**	-0.54^*	-0.09	0.16	0.98^**	0.99^**	1.00
Ni	0.18	-0.29	0.99^**	-0.07	0.66^**	-0.50^*	-0.08	0.13	0.98^**	0.99^**	0.99^**	1.00
Cu	0.19	-0.28	0.99^**	-0.05	0.67^**	-0.49^*	-0.07	0.15	0.98^**	0.99^**	0.99^**	1.00^**	1.00
Zn	0.27	-0.52^*	0.30	0.55^*	0.62^**	-0.50^*	0.32	0.71^**	0.23	0.26	0.33	0.28	0.29	1.00
Sr	-0.68^**	-0.35	-0.37	-0.32	-0.69^**	-0.02	0.15	-0.15	-0.45	-0.42	-0.38	-0.36	-0.37	-0.23	1.00
Y	0.33	-0.21	0.13	0.76^**	0.71^**	-0.08	0.06	0.57^*	0.13	0.12	0.17	0.12	0.14	0.64^**	-0.45	1.00
Zr	0.36	-0.27	0.81^**	0.47	0.88^**	-0.36	0.04	0.46	0.79^**	0.78^**	0.84^**	0.81^**	0.82^**	0.59^*	-0.54^*	0.65^**	1.00
Ba	0.15	-0.34	0.09	0.61^**	0.15	-0.16	0.25	0.41	-0.01	-0.01	0.13	0.08	0.09	0.45	0.13	0.38	0.41	1.00
Pb	-0.18	-0.22	0.28	0.49^*	0.36	-0.30	0.59^*	0.84^**	0.18	0.23	0.31	0.28	0.29	0.72^**	-0.12	0.34	0.42	0.24	1.00
Th	0.41	-0.42	0.90^**	0.20	0.82^**	-0.55	-0.15	0.23	0.88^**	0.88^**	0.92^**	0.89^**	0.90^**	0.51^*	-0.45	0.45	0.94^**	0.38	0.28	1.00
U	-0.43	-0.52^*	0.03	-0.42	-0.43	-0.40	0.16	-0.12	-0.05	-0.01	0.02	0.04	0.02	-0.07	0.78^**	-0.58^*	-0.30	0.18	0.03	-0.12	1.00

8000a BP以来东沙西南海域深水珊瑚的发育演化特征及其控制因素^*

Evolution characteristics and controlling factors of deep-water corals in the southwest Dongsha Sea area since 8000 a BP^*

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8000a BP以来东沙西南海域深水珊瑚的发育演化特征及其控制因素*

Evolution characteristics and controlling factors of deep-water corals in the southwest Dongsha Sea area since 8000 a BP*

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8000a BP以来东沙西南海域深水珊瑚的发育演化特征及其控制因素^*

Evolution characteristics and controlling factors of deep-water corals in the southwest Dongsha Sea area since 8000 a BP^*