近海漂浮式光伏系统发电量测算方法研究*

doi:10.11978/2024172

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 漂浮式光伏技术作为一种新兴的海上光伏解决方案, 能助力沿海地区能源结构转型, 拓宽海上资源利用空间, 具有广阔的发展前景, 有望为国家提出的“3060”战略提供重要支撑。针对目前尚缺乏对近海漂浮式光伏发电量测算方法研究的现状, 文章基于目标海域波浪运动及其他海洋环境特征, 提出了近海漂浮式光伏发电量测算模型。首先, 基于波浪力学及浮体水动力学理论, 以目标海域波陡(d)为小值(波高h/波长l ≤ 1)作为边界条件, 采用辐照能效率(η)和时均倾角(ε)来量化波浪对光伏组件的长期影响, 得到规则波作用下的倾斜面等效辐照量目标函数; 其次, 鉴于海水反射、蒸发、对流作用, 考虑组件背面及水面冷却效应的影响, 引入背面辐照量实用化计算公式及水面冷却效应因子, 以表征光伏组件背面及水面冷却效应正向增益; 最后, 与目标场址进行实际测算对比, 结果显示测算数值与理论数值相差在10%以内, 符合预期差值限度。

关键词: 近海漂浮式光伏, 发电量测算, 辐照能效率, 时均倾角, 正向增益

Abstract:

As an emerging offshore solar solution, floating photovoltaic technology can support the energy transition in coastal regions, expand the utilization of marine resources, and has broad development prospects. It is expected to provide significant support for the country's “3060” dual-carbon strategy. To address the current lack of research on power generation calculation methods for offshore floating photovoltaic systems, this study proposes a power generation calculation model based on the wave dynamics and other marine environmental characteristics of the target sea area. First, based on wave mechanics and floating body hydrodynamics, and considering the steepness of the target sea area d as a small value (wave height h / wave length l ≤ 1) as a boundary condition, the study uses the irradiation energy efficiency η and the time-averaged tilt angle ε to quantify the long-term impact of waves on photovoltaic modules. This yields an equivalent irradiance objective function for the inclined surface under regular wave action. Second, considering seawater reflection, evaporation, and convection, the influence of module backside and water surface cooling effects is incorporated. A practical calculation formula for backside irradiance and a water surface cooling effect factor are introduced to characterize the positive gains from the module backside and water surface cooling. Finally, a comparison with field measurements at the target site demonstrates that the calculated values deviate from the theoretical values by less than 10%, which falls within the expected margin of error.

Key words: offshore floating photovoltaic, power generation calculation, irradiance efficiency, time-averaged tilt angle, positive gain

中图分类号:

P751

李鑫, 晁刚, 徐庆跃, 魏鹏冲. 近海漂浮式光伏系统发电量测算方法研究^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(5): 179-188.

LI Xin, CHAO Gang, XU Qingyue, WEI Pengchong. Research on power generation calculation methods for offshore floating photovoltaic systems^*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(5): 179-188.

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地面类型	反射率	地面类型	反射率	地面类型	反射率
干燥黑土	0.14	森林	0.04~0.10	市区	0.15~0.25
湿黑土	0.08	干沙地	0.18	岩石	0~0.15
干灰色地面	0.25~0.30	湿沙地	0.09	麦地	0.10~0.25
湿灰色地面	0.10~0.12	新雪	0.81	黄沙	0.35
干草地	0.15~0.25	残雪	0.46~0.70	高禾植物区	0.18~0.20
湿草地	0.14~0.26	水田	0.23	海水	0.35~0.50

月份	总辐照/(kW·h·m^-2)	散射辐照/(kW·h·m^-2)	直射辐照/(kW·h·m^-2)
1月	80.42	47.81	32.61
2月	81.57	50.65	30.92
3月	109.90	69.14	40.76
4月	120.31	74.44	45.87
5月	133.83	79.61	54.22
6月	146.52	74.10	72.42
7月	195.24	77.91	117.33
8月	176.52	76.61	99.91
9月	143.94	70.03	73.91
10月	116.62	63.61	53.01
11月	81.83	48.71	33.12
12月	77.93	45.32	32.61

月份	场址1	本模型1	场址2	本模型2
1月	9961.37	10554.55	20636.69	22087.56
2月	8388.14	9120.45	18929.31	20423.23
3月	11282.42	12341.89	24158.84	26186.04
4月	12714.52	14016.87	24694.25	26927.05
5月	14076.05	15573.00	26873.04	29357.16
6月	13301.89	14744.15	28807.16	31504.27
7月	15663.81	17344.61	38028.63	41580.09
8月	14130.01	15614.22	35365.16	38580.75
9月	12033.76	13219.37	30057.62	32684.38
10月	10957.61	11933.74	26927.98	29047.51
11月	10085.90	10792.34	20298.87	21781.64
12月	7662.75	8294.58	21259.63	22651.41
全年	约140258	约153549	约316037	约342811