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热带海洋学报

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中国典型红树林沉积物中多溴联苯醚和替代型溴系阻燃剂污染特征

李华薇1, 4, 徐向荣1, 2, 3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室，中国科学院南海海洋研究所，广东 广州 510301；

    2. 中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院，广东 广州 510301；

    3. 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州），广东 广州 511458；

    4. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049

  • 收稿日期:2021-01-04 修回日期:2021-03-11 出版日期:2021-03-16 发布日期:2021-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 徐向荣
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发项目;中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院自主部署项目;南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州）人才团队引进重大专项

Pollution Characteristics of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Alternative Brominated Flame Retardants in Sediments from Typical Mangrove Wetlands of China

LI Huawei1,4, XU Xiangrong1,2,3   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;

    2. Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;

    3. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China;

    4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

  • Received:2021-01-04 Revised:2021-03-11 Online:2021-03-16 Published:2021-03-16
  • Contact: Xiang-Rong XU

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摘要： 本文研究了中国四省份（福建、广东、广西和海南）共16处红树林湿地表层沉积物中多溴联苯醚（polybrominated diphenyl ethers，PBDEs）和5种替代型溴系阻燃剂（alternative brominated flame retardants，ABFRs）的污染特征，包括十溴二苯乙烷（decabromodiphenyl ethane，DBDPE）、1,2-双(2,4,6-三溴苯氧基)乙烷（1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane，BTBPE）、六溴苯（hexabromobenzene，HBB）、五溴甲苯（pentabromotoluene，PBT）和五溴乙苯（pentabromoethylbenzene，PBEB）。结果表明，PBDEs、DBDPE和BTBPE在我国红树林湿地沉积物中广泛存在，而HBB、PBT和PBEB仅在部分红树林湿地检出。PBDEs总含量的均值范围为1.39—293 ng·g-1（干重），其污染程度具有明显的空间差异性（p = 0.016），并且与当地人口和经济水平显著正相关（p < 0.01）。在红树林沉积物样品中，BDE 209是最主要的同系物，占PBDEs总含量的72%—96%；DBDPE和BTBPE是最主要的ABFRs，浓度的均值范围分别为0.489—29.4 ng·g-1（干重）和0.0127—1.11 ng·g-1（干重）。BDE 209与其替代品DBDPE的含量显著正相关（p < 0.01），反映出二者在红树林湿地沉积物中空间分布的相似性，这说明BDE 209和DBDPE可能具有相似的污染源和/或环境行为。DBDPE/BDE 209浓度比值的范围为0.0839—0.925，表明我国红树林湿地沉积物中DBDPE的污染水平还未超过BDE 209，但ABFRs逐渐替代使用而带来的环境问题不容忽视。

关键词: 红树林, 多溴联苯醚, 替代型溴系阻燃剂, 沉积物, 空间分布

Abstract: Surface sediment samples were collected from 16 mangrove wetlands in four provinces (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan) of China and analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and five alternative brominated flame retardants (ABFRs), including decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromotoluene (PBT) and pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB). Results showed that PBDEs, DBDPE and BTBPE were widely detected in the mangrove sediments, while HBB, PBT and PBEB were only observed in some regions. Average concentrations of total PBDEs ranged from 1.39 to 293 ng·g-1 dry weight (dw), showing an obvious spatial difference (p = 0.016), which was significantly positively correlated with the local population and economic levels (p < 0.01). BDE 209 was the predominant congener in all mangrove sediments, accounting for 72%—96% of the total PBDEs. DBDPE and BTBPE were the two dominant ABFRs, with average concentrations ranging from 0.489 to 29.4 ng·g-1 dw and from 0.0127 to 1.11 ng·g-1 dw, respectively. There was a significant positive relationship between levels of BDE 209 and its alternative, DBDPE (p < 0.01), reflecting their similar regional distributions in the mangrove sediments. This suggested that BDE 209 and DBDPE might have similar pollution resources and/or environmental behaviors. Ratios of DBDPE/BDE 209 were in the range of 0.0839—0.925, which indicated that levels of DBDPE were still lower than those of BDE 209 in the mangrove sediments of China. Still, environmental issues of ABFRs should not be ignored.

Key words: mangrove, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, alternative brominated flame retardants, sediment, spatial distribution

中图分类号: 

  • P734.5