珠江三角洲河口湾现代生物遗迹的组成和分布特征

doi:10.11978/2025004

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 39-50.doi: 10.11978/2025004CSTR: 32234.14.2025004

珠江三角洲河口湾现代生物遗迹的组成和分布特征

刘泽宇¹(), 张国成¹^,², 王媛媛¹^,²()

¹ 河南理工大学资源环境学院, 河南焦作 454003
² 河南省生物遗迹与成矿过程重点实验室, 河南焦作 454003

收稿日期:2025-01-04 修回日期:2025-04-17 出版日期:2025-11-10 发布日期:2025-12-03
通讯作者: 王媛媛。email: yyw@hpu.edu.cn
作者简介:
刘泽宇(2001—), 男, 河南省安阳市人, 硕士研究生, 从事沉积学、遗迹学研究。email: l061888@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42172130); 河南省本科高校青年骨干教师培养计划(2023GGJS055)

Composition and distribution characteristics of modern biological relics in the estuary of Pearl River Delta

LIU Zeyu¹(), ZHANG Guocheng¹^,², WANG Yuanyuan¹^,²()

¹ Institute of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
² Henan Key Laboratory of Biogenie Traces & Sedimentary Minerals of Henan Province, Jiaozuo 454003, China

Received:2025-01-04 Revised:2025-04-17 Online:2025-11-10 Published:2025-12-03
Contact: WANG Yuanyuan. email: yyw@hpu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42172130); Yong Backbone Teachers Training Program of Henan Province(2023GGJS055)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

珠江三角洲河口湾受到波浪、潮汐和河流共同作用, 沉积环境独特, 现代生物遗迹丰富, 而生物遗迹可以提供沉积过程中环境变化的高灵敏信息, 高精度识别珠江三角洲河口湾生物遗迹的组成, 建立生物遗迹分布与沉积环境的关系模式, 可丰富现代河口湾的遗迹学知识。本文运用沉积学和遗迹学方法深入研究珠江三角洲河口湾生物遗迹, 通过盐度、粒度、浑浊度分析及 X 射线计算机断层扫描和重构方法对采集的岩心进行测试, 精细研究了不同微环境中的生物遗迹特征, 结果表明: (1)造迹生物主要包括螃蟹、双齿围沙蚕、弹涂鱼、寄居蟹和沙蚬等, 层面遗迹以爬行迹和足辙迹为主, 亦有拖迹、觅食迹、挖掘迹、鸟足迹和沙蚕粪粒, 层内居住迹最为丰富, 潜穴形态表现为I形、Y形和U形; (2)珠江三角洲河口湾生物遗迹在空间分布上存在不均衡性, 潮坪的生物遗迹类型多样性和密度较其他微环境高; (3)底栖造迹生物栖息于沉积底层中的不同空间位置, 小螃蟹、弹涂鱼和沙蚬栖息在沉积层浅层, 大螃蟹和双齿围沙蚕在中层, 深层主要由双齿围沙蚕占据, 反映出其对生态空间的适应性和扰动强度。该研究为珠江三角洲河口湾现代沉积学和遗迹学提供实证资料, 并为古遗迹学和古环境重构提供了基础资料, 增强对古河口湾环境的精准理解。

关键词: 现代生物遗迹, 河口湾, 生物沉积构造, 珠江三角洲, 沉积模式

Abstract:

The estuary bay of the Pearl River Delta is influenced by the combined actions of waves, tides and river flows, creating a unique sedimentary environment rich in modern biological relics. These relics serve as highly sensitive indicators of environmental changes during depositional processes. By precisely identifying the composition of these biological relics within the estuary bay and establishing a relational model linking their distribution characteristics to the sedimentary environment, this study enriches our ichnological comprehension of modern estuary systems. Utilizing sedimentological and ichnological methods, we examined the biological relics in the Pearl River Delta estuary through analyses of salinity, particle size, turbidity, X-ray computed tomography, and computer-assisted core sample reconstruction. This study focused on the characteristics of biological relics across diverse microenvironments. Key findings include: (1) The dominant trace-makers include Brachyura, Perinereis, Periophthalmus, Paguridae, and Mactridae. Surface traces consist of crawling tracks, foot impressions, drag marks, foraging paths, excavation marks, bird footprints, and sand silkworm feces, with the highest abundance occurring within sediment layers. Burrows exhibit diverse shapes, such as I-shaped, Y-shaped, and U-shaped forms. (2) The spatial distribution of biological relics in the Pearl River Delta estuary is markedly uneven, with greater diversity and abundance of traces in tidal flats compared to other microenvironments. (3) Benthic trace-making organisms occupy distinct sediment layers: small crabs, mudskippers, and clams inhabit the shallow layer; larger crabs and Perinereis aibuhitensis dominant the middle layer; while the deep layer is predominantly occupied by Perinereis aibuhitensis, reflecting its extensive ecological adaptability and bioturbation intensity. This study provides empirical data for modern sedimentology and ichnology in the Pearl River Delta estuary, establishing a foundation for reconstructing ancient ichnological environments and enhancing the precise understanding of ancient estuary environments.

Key words: modern biological relics, estuary, biological sedimentary structures, Pearl River Delta, sedimentary model

中图分类号:

P512.2

刘泽宇, 张国成, 王媛媛. 珠江三角洲河口湾现代生物遗迹的组成和分布特征[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(6): 39-50.

LIU Zeyu, ZHANG Guocheng, WANG Yuanyuan. Composition and distribution characteristics of modern biological relics in the estuary of Pearl River Delta[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(6): 39-50.

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珠江三角洲河口湾现代生物遗迹的组成和分布特征

Composition and distribution characteristics of modern biological relics in the estuary of Pearl River Delta

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