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热带海洋学报

• • 上一篇    

珠江三角洲河口湾现代生物遗迹的组成和分布特征

刘泽宇1 , 张国成1, 2, 王媛媛1, 2   

  1. 1.    河南理工大学资源环境学院, 河南 焦作 454003；

    2.    河南省生物遗迹与成矿过程重点实验室, 河南 焦作 454003

  • 收稿日期:2025-01-04 修回日期:2025-03-28 接受日期:2025-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 王媛媛
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(42172130); 河南省本科高校青年骨干教师培养计划(2023GGJS055)

Composition and distribution characteristics of modern biological relics in estuary of Pearl River Delta 

LIU Zeyu1, ZHANG Guocheng1, 2, WANG Yuanyuan1, 2   

  1. 1.   Institute of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003,China;

    2.   Henan Key Laboratory of Biogenie Traces & Sedimentary Minerals of Henan Provinee, Jiaozuo 454003, China

  • Received:2025-01-04 Revised:2025-03-28 Accepted:2025-04-10
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science foundation of China( 42172130); Yong Backbone Teachers Training Program of Henan Prvinee( 2023GGJS055)

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摘要： 珠江三角洲河口湾受到波浪、潮汐和河流共同作用，沉积环境独特，现代生物遗迹丰富，而生物遗迹可以提供关于沉积过程中环境变化的高灵敏信息，高精度识别珠江三角洲河口湾生物遗迹的组成，建立生物遗迹分布特征与沉积环境的关系模式，补充现代河口湾的遗迹学知识。运用沉积学和遗迹学方法深入研究珠江三角洲河口湾生物遗迹，通过盐度、粒度、浑浊度分析及 X 射线计算机断层扫描和计算机重构方法对采取的岩心进行处理，对研究区内不同微环境中的生物遗迹特征进行了精细的研究。（1）造迹生物主要包括螃蟹、双齿围沙蚕、弹涂鱼、寄居蟹和沙蚬等，层面遗迹以爬行迹和足辙迹为主，亦有拖迹、觅食迹、挖掘迹、鸟足迹和沙蚕粪粒，层内居住迹最为丰富；潜穴形态表现为I 形、Y 形和U 形。（2）珠江三角洲河口湾生物遗迹在空间分布上存在不均衡性，潮坪的生物遗迹分异度和丰度较其他微环境高。（3）底栖造迹生物于沉积底层中的不同空间位置，小螃蟹、弹涂鱼和沙蚬栖息在沉积层浅层，大螃蟹和双齿围沙蚕在中层，深层主要由双齿围沙蚕占据，反映出其对生态空间的充分利用和扰动强度。该研究将为珠江三角洲河口湾现代沉积学和遗迹学提供实证观察资料，并为古遗迹学和古环境重构提供坚实基础，增强对古河口湾环境的精准理解。

关键词: 现代生物遗迹, 河口湾, 生物沉积构造, 珠江三角洲：沉积模式

Abstract: The estuary bay of the Pearl River Delta is influenced by a complex interplay of waves, tides, and river flows, resulting in a unique sedimentary environment rich in modern biological relics. These relics serve as highly sensitive indicators of environmental changes during deposition. High-precision identification of the biological relics' composition within this estuary bay, coupled with the establishment of a relationship model between their distribution characteristics and the sedimentary environment, enriches our ichnological understanding of modern estuary systems. Utilizing sedimentological and ichnological methods, this study examined the biological relics in the Pearl River Delta estuary through a multi-faceted approach, including salinity, particle size, turbidity analysis, X-ray computed tomography, and computer reconstruction of core samples. Detailed analysis was conducted on the characteristics of biological relics across various microenvironments within the study area.(1) The primary trace-makers identified include species such as Brachyura, Perinereis, Periophthalmus, Paguridae, and Mactridae. The surface traces comprise primarily crawling and foot traces, as well as drag marks, foraging paths, excavation marks, bird footprints, and sand silkworm feces, with the most abundant traces found within the sediment layers. The burrows exhibit shapes such as I-shaped, Y-shaped, and U-shaped.(2) The spatial distribution of biological relics in the Pearl River Delta estuary reveals an imbalance, with higher diversity and abundance observed in tidal flats compared to other microenvironments.(3) Benthic trace-making organisms occupy different spatial positions within the sediment bottom layer. Small crabs, mudskippers, and clams inhabit the shallow layer, while larger crabs and Perinereis aibuhitensis are found in the middle layer. The deep layer is predominantly occupied by Perinereis aibuhitensis, indicating its extensive utilization of the ecological space and the intensity of its disturbance. This study provides empirical observation data for modern sedimentology and ichnology in the Pearl River Delta estuary, laying a solid foundation for the reconstruction of ancient ichnology and environments, and enhancing our accurate understanding of ancient estuary environments.

Key words: modern biological relics, estuary, biological sedimentary structure, pearl River Delta, sedimentary model