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热带海洋学报

• • 上一篇    

西亚干旱区全新世水文气候研究进展

吴兰军1, 2,黎刚1*,杨梦林1, 2   

  1. 1. 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东 广州 510301;

    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

  • 收稿日期:2025-03-05 修回日期:2025-05-15 接受日期:2025-05-30
  • 通讯作者: 黎刚
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(42176079, 41976062); 中国科学院南海海洋研究所自主部署项目(SCSIO2023QY05)

The review of the Holocene hydroclimate in the arid West Asia

WU Lanjun1, 2, LI Gang1*, YANG Menglin1, 2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;

    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

  • Received:2025-03-05 Revised:2025-05-15 Accepted:2025-05-30
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China (42176079, 41976062); Independent deployment project of South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCSIO2023QY05).

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摘要： 西亚地区是亚欧大陆中纬度干旱区的重要组成部分, 常年降水稀少且蒸发强烈, 生态系统脆弱, 对降水-温度耦合变化响应极为敏感。厘清西亚地区的气候变化规律有助于预测未来气候变化趋势, 对区域经济发展、社会稳定至关重要。然而, 西亚地区长期以来古气候研究相对薄弱, 气候记录稀少且存在诸多矛盾, 严重制约了区域气候长期变化趋势的预测。本文收集整理了过去的三十年来西亚全新世水文气候记录, 探讨了西亚地区全新世水文气候变化模式和驱动机制。已有的孢粉记录显示该区域全新世有效湿度呈现长期增强的趋势。但石笋和湖泊沉积物δ18O记录却显示全新世气候逐渐变干。整合对比西亚地区现有的气候记录, 推断石笋和湖泊次生碳酸钙的δ18O变化主要受控于水汽源区-地中海表层海水δ18O组成变化, 不能用雨量效应来解释。基于对西亚地区的多源水文气候记录和指标可靠性的剖析, 本文推断西亚干旱地区全新世千年尺度气候条件模式与夏季太阳辐射主导的西风带强度和位置密切相关。早全新世夏季太阳辐射增强对应较高表面温度, 驱动西风环流向北移动, 导致西亚地区西风水汽输送减少, 气候干旱加剧。然而东非季风区降雨增加导致尼罗河等河流入海水量增大, 从而引起地中海海水δ18O组成负偏, 受水汽源区δ18O变化影响, 西亚地区降水δ18O记录趋于负偏。晚全新世则呈现相反的特征。

关键词: 西亚干旱区, 古水文, 孢粉, 石笋, 大气环流

Abstract: The arid West Asia, as a key component of the mid-latitude arid belt in Eurasia, is characterized by perennial aridity, low precipitation, intense evaporation, and fragile ecosystems, making it highly sensitive to precipitation-temperature coupling variations. Clarifying the climatic evolution patterns in West Asia is crucial for predicting future climate trends and ensuring regional economic development and social stability. However, the long-term trend analyses of precipitation in West Asia are still challenged due to the sparsity of paleoclimate records, which are rich in contradictions. This study synthesizes hydroclimatic records during the past three decades to summarize the Holocene patterns in West Asia and discuss the drivers. Existing pollen records suggest a long-term increase in effective moisture during the Holocene. In contrast, speleothem and lacustrine carbonate δ18O records demonstrate the progressive aridification during the Holocene. After reviewing exiting hydroclimatic records in West Asia, we infer δ18O variations in secondary carbonates in West Asia are dominated by seawater δ18O dynamics in eastern Mediterranean, rather than directly recording local precipitation amount. Based on multi-proxy hydroclimatic records and reliability assessments of paleoclimate indicators in West Asia, this study infers that the millennial-scale climatic patterns of the arid regions during the Holocene were closely linked to the intensity and latitudinal shifts of the Westerlies, which were primarily modulated by summer insolation. During the early Holocene, increased summer insolation led to higher surface temperatures, driving a northward shift of the westerly circulation. This reduced moisture transport by the Westerlies to West Asia, resulting in drier conditions. However, increased precipitation in the East African monsoon region enhanced freshwater discharge from the Nile and other rivers into the Mediterranean Sea, resulting in a negative δ18O excursion in Mediterranean seawater. Consequently, this modified moisture source signature led to depleted δ18O values in precipitation records across West Asia. The late Holocene exhibited inverse characteristics.

Key words: arid West Asia, paleohydrology, pollen, stalagmite, atmospheric circulation