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热带海洋学报

• • 上一篇    

基于卫星影像的湛江湾水动力环境演变特征分析

关焯强1,2, 杨涛3, 谢玲玲1,4, 李君益1, 2   

  1. 1. 近海海洋变化与灾害预警实验室(广东海洋大学), 广东 湛江524088;

    2.  空间海洋遥感与应用重点实验室(国家卫星海洋应用中心), 广东 湛江524088

    3.   92682部队, 广东 湛江524003;

    4.  陆架及深远海气候资源与环境广东省高校重点实验室(广东海洋大学), 广东 湛江524088;


  • 收稿日期:2025-08-20 修回日期:2025-11-01 接受日期:2025-11-10
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(42276019, 42476027); 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2024A1515012572, 2025A1515010741);广东普通高校创新团队项目(2023KCXTD015);粤西热带海洋生态环境广东省野外科学观测研究站(2024B1212040008)

Analysis of Hydrodynamic Environment Evolution Characteristics in Zhanjiang Bay Based on Satellite Image

GUAN Zhuoqiang1, 2, YANG Tao3, XIE Lingling1,4, LI Junyi1,2   

  1. 1.Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction (Guangdong Ocean University), Zhanjiang 524088, China; 

    2.Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application (National Satellite Ocean Application Service), Zhanjiang 524088, China；

    3.  92682 Military, Zhanjiang 524003, China; 

    4.  Resource and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea (Guangdong Ocean University), Zhanjiang 524088, China;

  • Received:2025-08-20 Revised:2025-11-01 Accepted:2025-11-10
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China (42276019, 42476027); GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515012572, 2025A1515010741); the innovation Team Plan for Universities in Guangdong Province (2023KCXTD015); Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Tropical Ocean Environment in Western Coastal Waters (GSTOEW; 2024B1212040008)

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摘要： 湛江作为现代化沿海经济带的重要发展极，近几十年来大规模产业集聚区建设和陆海统筹发展对海湾水动力环境产生了显著影响。鉴于潮汐动力驱动的纳潮过程和水交换能力是海湾环境演变的关键控制因素，深入研究这些参数的变化规律对实现区域可持续发展具有重要意义。利用1986-2024年湛江湾112景的Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像以及海图，基于归一化水体指数获取遥感影像过境时刻的海湾水域面积和海湾容积，通过引入潮位，对湛江湾平均高低潮水域面积、纳潮量的时序演变特征和水交换进行分析研究。总体上，纳潮量逐年下降，从5.05亿m³减少至4.25亿m³，其中，1994-2001年和2014-2021年这两个时段是稍微上升，2002-2009年时段减少幅度最大。湛江湾平均高、低潮水域面积与潮位呈正相关关系（r = 0.44~0.86），平均高、低潮水域面积也呈现下降趋势。纳潮率在2012年为24%，2023年下降至22%。湛江湾半交换周期呈阶段性变化，2006年前稳定约13天，后逐渐延长至15天，围海造陆活动导致潮间带减少是致使湛江湾水交换能力下降的主要因素。

关键词: 卫星影像, 纳潮量, 半交换周期, 海湾稳定性

Abstract: As a key development hub within the modern coastal economic belt, Zhanjiang has witnessed significant impacts on its bay's hydrodynamic environment over recent decades, driven by the construction of large-scale industrial clusters and the implementation of an integrated land-sea development strategy. Given that the tidal prism process and water exchange capacity, governed by tidal dynamics, are crucial controlling factors in the evolution of the bay's environment, in-depth research into the changing patterns of these parameters holds paramount importance for promoting sustainable regional development.Using 112 Landsat TM/OLI images (1986-2024) and nautical charts, we extracted water areas through NDWI and manual delineation. Tidal parameters were derived from harmonic analysis of 2020 gauge data, enabling comprehensive assessment of tidal prism variations and exchange patterns. The tidal prism decreased from 505 to 425 million m³ (1986-2024), with most significant reduction during 2002-2009. The mean high and low tidal water areas showed strong positive correlation with tidal levels (r=0.44~0.86), though exhibiting opposing trends over 50% of the study period due to sediment dynamics. Tidal rate decreased from 24% to 22% during 2012-2023. Land reclamation activities were identified as the primary driver for the prolonged half-exchange period (13 to 15 days post-2006).