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热带海洋学报

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船载 X 波段测波雷达系统优化与试验研究

刘雍锡1, 丘仲锋2, 3, 赵阳1, 陈忠彪4, 段超凡5
  

  1. 1. 安徽建筑大学, 电子与信息工程学院, 安徽 合肥 230022;

    2. 南京信息工程大学, 电子与信息工程学院, 江苏 南京 210044;

    3. 三亚海洋实验室, 海南 三亚 572024;

    4. 南京信息工程大学, 海洋科学学院, 江苏 南京 210044;

    5. 国防科技大学, 信息通信学院, 湖北 武汉 430015



  • 收稿日期:2025-12-02 修回日期:2026-02-08 接受日期:2026-02-14
  • 通讯作者: 丘仲锋
  • 基金资助:
    国家卫星气象中心项目(FY-3(03)-AS-11.10-ZT,FY-3(03)-AS-11.12-ZT)

Optimization and Experimental Study of a Shipborne X-Band Wave-Measuring Radar System

LIU Yongxi1, QIU Zhongfeng2, 3, ZHAO Yang1, CHEN Zhongbiao4, DUAN Chaofan5   

  1. 1. School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China;

    2. School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;

    3. Sanya Ocean Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China;

    4. School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;

    5. College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan 430015, China



  • Received:2025-12-02 Revised:2026-02-08 Accepted:2026-02-14
  • Supported by:

    the National Satellite Meteorological Center Project (FY-3(03)-AS-11.10-ZT, FY-3(03)-AS-11.12-ZT)

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摘要： 测波雷达系统利用 X 波段雷达回波反演波浪、海流等海洋参数，大量应用于海洋环境监测之中。然而，常用的测波雷达系统中，数据采集部分存在成像结果偏移、难以小型化等问题，对 X 波段雷达测波精度产生影响。本文提出采用以 Zynq 系列硬件平台为核心的异构现场可编程门阵列（field-programmable gate array, FPGA）一体化设计方案，同步实现雷达天线方位、回波数据的采集以及数据的算法处理。本研究对图像采集部分硬件架构进行重新设计，将分立的系统整合在一起，使用 Zynq 实现在同一时序下的天线方位采集和雷达回波采集，解决了系统的图像偏移问题；利用 Zynq 的高级可扩展接口-直接内存访问（advanced extensible interface-direct memory access, AXI DMA）接口，将采集与传输数据的时间开销压缩至低于雷达最小量程下脉冲信号发射周期，使得系统能够采集全量程雷达数据，解决了数据漏采与溢出等问题；通过 2 次海试实验，对 X 波段雷达与波浪浮标实施同步观测，对本研究集成到雷达系统的算法进行验证，结果表明，X 波段雷达获取的有效波高与浮标观测结果具有良好的一致性。

关键词: X波段测波雷达, 雷达图像采集, 数据采集系统, Zynq, 海浪反演

Abstract: Wave-measuring radar systems utilize X-band radar echoes to retrieve oceanographic parameters such as wave height and ocean currents, and are widely employed in marine environmental monitoring. However, conventional wave-measuring radar systems suffer from issues in the data acquisition module, including image offset and difficulty in miniaturization, which adversely affect the measurement accuracy of X-band radar. This paper proposes an integrated heterogeneous field-programmable gate array (fpga) design based on the Zynq hardware platform, enabling synchronized acquisition of radar antenna azimuth and echo data, as well as real-time algorithmic processing. The hardware architecture of the image acquisition module is redesigned by consolidating previously discrete subsystems into a unified platform. Using Zynq, simultaneous acquisition of antenna azimuth and radar echoes under a common timing reference is achieved, effectively eliminating image offset. Furthermore, by leveraging the advanced extensible interface-direct memory access (axi dma) interface of Zynq, the time overhead for data acquisition and transmission is reduced below the pulse repetition interval corresponding to the radar’s minimum range, thereby enabling full-range radar data collection without data loss or overflow. Two sea trials were conducted, during which synchronous observations were performed using both the X-band radar and wave buoys. Validation results demonstrate excellent agreement between significant wave heights derived from the X-band radar and those measured by the buoys.

Key words: X-band wave-measuring radar, radar image acquisition, data acquisition system, Zynq, wave inversion