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热带海洋学报

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基于温度脉动互相关反演海流速度的方法

陈浩1, 2，郭双喜1, 2，周生启1, 2，黄鹏起1，尚晓东1，陈家静1, 2，翁泽耀1, 2，任骏1, 2，鲁远征3，韩广辉4   

  1. 1. 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室，中国科学院南海海洋研究所，广东 广州 510301

    2. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049

    3. 香港科技大学(广州)地球与环境系统中央实验室，广东 广州 511453

    4. 广州欧纳电子科技有限公司，广东 广州 511493



  • 收稿日期:2025-12-31 修回日期:2026-02-09 接受日期:2026-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 周生启
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3101300)；国家自然科学基金(42206020, 42449907)；广州市科技计划项目(2024A04J4049)

Ocean current speed estimation based on temperature fluctuations cross-correlation analysis

CHEN Hao1, 2, GUO Shuangxi1, 2, ZHOU Shengqi1, 2, HUANG Pengqi1, SHANG Xiaodong1, CHEN Jiajing1, 2, WENG Zeyao1, 2, REN Jun1,2, LU Yuanzheng3, HAN Guanghui4   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China

    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

    3. Earth and Environmental Systems Research Facility, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511453, China

    4. Ocean Net Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 511493, China



  • Received:2025-12-31 Revised:2026-02-09 Accepted:2026-04-10
  • Supported by:

    National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC3101300); National Natural Science Foundation of China (42206020, 42449907); Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou (2024A04J4049).

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摘要： 速度是海洋最重要的物理量之一，海流观测也是研究海洋动力过程的最基本观测。常规的声学流速仪存在观测盲区，且其观测质量严重受到水体环境中颗粒浓度的影响。在许多环境下(尤其是靠近海底区域)，声学流速观测具有一定的局限性。本文利用2025年6月19日-24日东沙附近锚定潜标上的精细温度观测数据，基于最大互相关方法，分别反演了离海底1m和23m附近处的海水流速。通过相关性分析，设置0.5~240分钟不同窗口大小，与声学多普勒剖面仪ADCP(acoustic Doppler current profiler)所测量流速结果相对比，发现反演流速依赖于窗口大小的选择。当窗口大小设置为2~60分钟时，温度互相关反演的流速与ADCP所测流速比较吻合，相关系数高达0.67，均方根误差约为0.02 m·s-1。本文的工作为海流速度测量提供了新的技术思路。

关键词: 流速反演, 最大互相关法, 温度观测, 窗口大小

Abstract: Current speed is one of the most fundamental physical variables in the ocean, and its observation constitutes the basis for studies of oceanic dynamical processes. Conventional acoustic current meters suffer from observational blind zones, and their measurement quality is strongly affected by the concentration of suspended particles in the water column. In many environments—particularly in regions close to the seafloor—current observations are therefore subject to significant limitations. In this study, high-resolution temperature measurements obtained from a mooring deployed near the Dongsha Islands from 19 to 24 June 2025 were used to infer current speed at approximately 1 and 23 m above the seabed based on the maximum cross-correlation method. By performing correlation analyses with varying window sizes ranging from 0.5 to 240 minutes and comparing the inferred speed with those measured by an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), we demonstrate that the inferred current speed is sensitive to the window size. When the window size is set between 2 and 60 minutes, the speed derived from temperature cross-correlation agree well with the measurements, yielding a correlation coefficient of up to 0.67 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of approximately 0.02 m·s-1. This study provides a new methodological perspective for measuring ocean current.

Key words: speed estimation, maximum cross-correlation, temperature observation, window size