海扩张机制的制约*

doi:10.11978/2026024

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 35-52.doi: 10.11978/2026024CSTR: 32234.14.2026024

海扩张机制的制约^*

苗秀全¹^,²(), 张运迎¹^,²(), 颜文¹^,²^,³

¹ 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 510301
² 边缘海与大洋地质实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 510301
³ 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2026-01-30 修回日期:2026-03-14 出版日期:2026-09-10 发布日期:2026-10-13
通讯作者: 张运迎
作者简介:
苗秀全(1992—), 男, 山东省枣庄市人, 副研究员, 从事海洋地质研究。email: xqmiao@scsio.ac.cn
*感谢编辑与匿名审稿专家提出的宝贵修改意见和建议; 感谢所有为南科1井钻探项目作出贡献的科学和工程专家。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3100600); 国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF0808200); 国家自然科学基金项目(42541603); 国家自然科学基金项目(42506052); 国家自然科学基金项目(42372080)

Mesozoic magmatism in the Nansha Block: implications for the tectonic affinity of southern continental margin of the South China Sea and the opening mechanism of the Proto-South China Sea^*

MIAO Xiuquan¹^,²(), ZHANG Yunying¹^,²(), YAN Wen¹^,²^,³

¹ State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
² Laboratory of Marginal Sea and Ocean Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
³ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2026-01-30 Revised:2026-03-14 Online:2026-09-10 Published:2026-10-13
Contact: ZHANG Yunying
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC3100600); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF0808200); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42541603); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42506052); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372080)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

厘清南海南部陆缘在中生代是否位于华南板块东南陆缘, 对于重建东南亚中—新生代构造演化历史与区域古地理格局具有关键作用。此外, 古南海存在于南海形成之前, 是中生代东南亚构造体系的重要组成部分, 然而其初始扩张时代与动力学机制长期缺乏直接地质约束。文章选取南海南部陆缘南沙地块“南科1井”钻孔获得的岩浆岩为研究对象, 综合运用年代学与岩石地球化学研究方法, 约束岩浆活动的形成时代、成因及构造背景, 以期深化对南海南部陆缘的构造属性与古南海形成机制的认识。研究结果表明, 南沙地块发育3期中生代岩浆作用, 分别为晚三叠世(约217Ma)英安岩、早侏罗世(约177Ma)辉长闪长岩以及早白垩世(约124Ma)辉绿岩。这3期岩浆活动在时代与地球化学特征上与华南板块内部相应时期的岩浆事件可对比, 共同指示南沙地块在三叠纪是华南板块东南缘的一部分。而且, 这3期岩浆活动系统记录了华南板块东南陆缘在中生代的连续构造演化过程: 晚三叠世的英安岩表现出典型的A₂型花岗岩特征, 指示其形成于古太平洋板片平俯冲引起的陆内伸展构造背景; 早侏罗世辉长闪长岩显示明显的陆缘弧玄武岩亲缘性, 反映古太平洋板块俯冲控制下的大陆边缘弧岩浆作用; 早白垩世辉绿岩具有弧后盆地玄武岩地球化学特征, 指示其形成于古太平洋板片俯冲后撤形成的弧后盆地构造环境。此外, 南沙地块早白垩世辉绿岩代表古南海初始扩张阶段的陆缘伸展岩浆活动, 其地球化学特征与同期古南海残留洋壳共同显示弧后盆地玄武岩属性, 表明古南海构造属性为弧后盆地, 于早白垩世开始扩张。本研究为重建中生代南海南部陆缘构造格局及东南亚区域构造演化提供了新的关键约束。

关键词: 南科1井, 南海南部陆缘, 古南海, 华南板块, 古太平洋

Abstract:

Determining whether the southern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS) was located along the southeastern continental margin of South China Block (SCB) during the Mesozoic is critical for reconstructing the Mesozoic-Cenozoic paleogeography of Southeast Asia. Furthermore, prior to the opening of the SCS, the Proto-South China Sea (PSCS) was considered to have occupied a position along the southeastern continental margin of the SCB. However, the timing of initial spreading and the geodynamic mechanism responsible for the opening of the PSCS remain poorly constrained. To solve these issues, we conducted geochronological, petrographic, and geochemical analyses on igneous rocks from Well Nanke-1 drilled in the Nansha Block of the southern SCS margin in this study. Our results identify three distinct stages of Mesozoic magmatism in the Nansha Block: Late Triassic dacite (~217 Ma), Early Jurassic gabbro-diorite (~177 Ma), and Early Cretaceous diabase (~124 Ma). These magmatic events are comparable in both age and geochemical characteristics to coeval magmatism within the SCB, collectively indicating that the Nansha Block was part of the southeastern margin of the South China Block during the Triassic. Moreover, the three magmatic episodes collectively record the progressive Mesozoic tectonic evolution along the southeastern SCB margin. The Late Triassic dacites exhibit geochemical characteristics of A₂-type granites, implying formation in an intracontinental extensional regime driven by far-field Paleo-Pacific flat-subduction. The Early Jurassic gabbro-diorites show geochemical affinities to continental arc basalts, reflecting subduction-related continental arc magmatism associated with the Paleo-Pacific plate. The Early Cretaceous diabases display geochemical features typical of back-arc basin basalts, consistent with emplacement during a back-arc extensional stage induced by Paleo-Pacific slab rollback. Moreover, the Early Cretaceous diabases from Nansha Block represent continental-margin extensional magmatism associated with the initial opening of the PSCS. Its geochemical characteristics, together with those of the Early Cretaceous remnants of the PSCS oceanic crust, consistently exhibit features of back-arc basin basalts, indicating that the PSCS developed from a back-arc basin formed by slab rollback of the Paleo-Pacific plate during the Early Cretaceous. This study provides insights into reconstructing the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the southern SCS margin and Southeast Asia.

Key words: Well Nanke-1, Southern continental margin of South China Sea, Proto-South China Sea, South China Block, Paleo-Pacific plate

中图分类号:

P736.121

苗秀全, 张运迎, 颜文. 海扩张机制的制约^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(5): 35-52.

MIAO Xiuquan, ZHANG Yunying, YAN Wen. Mesozoic magmatism in the Nansha Block: implications for the tectonic affinity of southern continental margin of the South China Sea and the opening mechanism of the Proto-South China Sea^*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(5): 35-52.

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海扩张机制的制约^*

Mesozoic magmatism in the Nansha Block: implications for the tectonic affinity of southern continental margin of the South China Sea and the opening mechanism of the Proto-South China Sea^*

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海扩张机制的制约*

Mesozoic magmatism in the Nansha Block: implications for the tectonic affinity of southern continental margin of the South China Sea and the opening mechanism of the Proto-South China Sea*

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海扩张机制的制约^*

Mesozoic magmatism in the Nansha Block: implications for the tectonic affinity of southern continental margin of the South China Sea and the opening mechanism of the Proto-South China Sea^*