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热带海洋学报

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TEOS-10框架下中国标准海水密度实验评价

刘创1，张挺1,2，王爱军3，刘宁1,2

  

  1. 1.国家海洋技术中心，天津 300112；

    2.自然资源部海洋观测技术重点实验室，天津 300112；

    3.国家海洋标准计量中心，天津 300112


  • 收稿日期:2026-06-30 修回日期:2026-08-14 接受日期:2026-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 张挺
  • 基金资助:
    自然资源部海洋计量检测技术创新中心创新基金资助(2025mmit04)

Experimental Evaluation of Chinese Standard Seawater Density under the TEOS-10 Framework

LIU Chuang1, ZHANG Ting1,2, WANG Aijun3, LIU Ning1,2    

  1. 1.National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300112, China;

    2.Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology, MNR, Tianjin 300112, China;

    3.National Center of Ocean Standards and Metrology, Tianjin 300112, China


  • Received:2026-06-30 Revised:2026-08-14 Accepted:2026-08-26
  • Supported by:
    the Innovation Foundation of the Technology Innovation Center for Marine Metrology and Instruments Test, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China(2025mmit04)

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摘要： 海水密度是海洋观测数据质量控制及TEOS-10（thermodynamic equation of seawater 2010）热力学性质计算中的关键参数。针对中国标准海水在TEOS-10框架下密度实测、理论密度比对及不确定度评定资料相对有限的问题，本文以中国一级及系列标准海水为主要对象，以IAPSO（international association for physical sciences of the ocean）国际标准海水为参照，采用DMA 5000M振动管密度计和纯水替代测量法，在25℃、常压条件下开展标准海水密度测量。实验样品绝对盐度范围为（5.018~40.209）g·kg-1。首先结合取样地信息将中国标准海水实用盐度转换为绝对盐度，以统一TEOS-10理论密度计算的盐度输入基准，随后将实验测量密度与TEOS-10理论密度进行比对，并依据不确定度传播模型评定密度结果不确定度。结果表明，全部样品测量密度与TEOS-10理论密度的最大绝对偏差为0.0080 kg·m-3，均方根误差为0.0051 kg·m-3；其中，IAPSO国际标准海水样品均方根误差为0.0061 kg·m-3，中国标准海水样品均方根误差为0.0040 kg·m-3，二者偏差水平相近。密度结果扩展不确定度为0.0086 kg·m-3（k=2），最大密度偏差未超过扩展不确定度范围。绝对盐度输入折算得到的等效密度不确定度和测量重复性是密度结果不确定度的主要来源。研究结果可为中国标准海水在TEOS-10框架下的密度评价、标准海水量值比对及海洋观测数据质量控制提供实验依据。

关键词: 振动管密度计, 替代测量法, 标准海水, TEOS-10, 测量不确定度

Abstract: Seawater density is a key parameter for quality control of oceanographic observations and thermodynamic property calculations within the TEOS-10(thermodynamic equation of seawater 2010) framework. To address the limited availability of density measurements, theoretical density comparisons and uncertainty evaluations for Chinese standard seawater under the TEOS-10 framework, this study uses Chinese primary and series standard seawater as the main research objects, with IAPSO (international association for physical sciences of the ocean) Standard Seawater as a reference. Density measurements were conducted at 25℃ and atmospheric pressure using a DMA 5000M vibrating-tube densimeter and a pure-water substitution method. The Absolute Salinity range of the samples was 5.018–40.209g·kg−1. First, the Practical Salinity of Chinese standard seawater was converted to Absolute Salinity using sampling-location information, so as to unify the salinity input basis for TEOS-10 theoretical density calculation. Then, the measured densities were compared with the TEOS-10 theoretical densities, and the uncertainty of the density results was evaluated based on an uncertainty propagation model. The results show that the maximum absolute deviation between the measured densities and TEOS-10 theoretical densities for all samples was 0.0080kg·m−3, and the root mean square error was 0.0051kg·m−3. The root mean square error was 0.0061kg·m−3 for IAPSO Standard Seawater and 0.0040kg·m−3 for Chinese standard seawater, indicating similar deviation levels between the two groups. The expanded uncertainty of the density results was 0.0086kg·m−3 (k=2), and the maximum density deviation did not exceed the expanded uncertainty range. The equivalent density uncertainty converted from Absolute Salinity input and the measurement repeatability were the main sources of uncertainty in the density results. This study provides experimental evidence for density evaluation of Chinese standard seawater under the TEOS-10 framework, standard seawater value comparison, and quality control of oceanographic observations.

Key words: vibrating tube densitometer, substitution method, standard seawater, TEOS-10, measurement uncertainty