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热带海洋学报

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基于北斗短报文的多层CTD浮标数据采集、传输与可靠性优化设计

董余龙, 刘雍锡, 石轩硕, 詹文杰, 丘仲锋   

  1. 南京信息工程大学, 江苏 南京 210044

  • 收稿日期:2026-07-10 修回日期:2026-09-11 接受日期:2026-09-14
  • 通讯作者: 丘仲锋
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFC3109003）

Design of Data Acquisition, Transmission, and Reliability Enhancement for Multi-Layer CTD Buoys Based on BeiDou Short Message Communication

DONG Yulong, LIU Yongxi, SHI Xuanshuo, ZHAN Wenjie, QIU Zhongfeng    

  1. Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;



  • Received:2026-07-10 Revised:2026-09-11 Accepted:2026-09-14
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFC3109003)

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摘要： 针对多层温盐深海洋浮标在长期海上观测中面临的嵌入式处理资源有限、北斗短报文载荷受限以及海上链路波动导致的数据传输连续性下降等问题, 提出一种基于北斗短报文的多层温盐深数据采集与可靠传输方法。系统采用实时时钟周期调度和模块分时上电方式完成多层传感器采集、定位授时和数据封装; 通过连续采样、首组剔除、有效性判定和均值处理完成采集数据预处理; 采用16位定长整数编码与固定字段封装方式减少字符传输冗余; 结合信号强度判定、发送状态确认和闪存缓存补发机制, 提高弱链路条件下的数据回传可靠性。海上实测结果表明, 系统能够稳定获取多层CTD(conductivity, temperature, depth)观测数据, 海试期间数据接收率达到98.74%; 在专项缓存补发试验中, 两段长时间接收空窗条件下理论产生的465条观测记录最终均完成回传, 验证了Flash缓存补发机制在可恢复间歇性断链条件下的数据恢复能力。功耗测试表明, 模块按需上电策略使非工作阶段电流下降超过90%。结果验证了该方法在多层温盐深浮标连续观测、断链容错和低功耗运行中的工程适用性。

关键词: 海洋浮标, 多层温盐深观测, 北斗短报文通信, 定点化编码, 缓存补发, 可靠传输

Abstract: To address the limitations of embedded processing resources, the restricted payload capacity of BeiDou short messages, and the degradation of data transmission continuity caused by fluctuations in maritime communication conditions during long-term observations with multi-layer conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) ocean buoys, a multi-layer CTD data acquisition and reliable transmission method based on BeiDou short-message communication is proposed. The system employs real-time clock (RTC)-based periodic scheduling and time-shared module powering to accomplish multi-layer sensor acquisition, positioning and time synchronization, and data packetization. Continuous sampling, first-sample rejection, validity checking, and averaging are adopted for data preprocessing. A 16-bit fixed-length integer encoding scheme combined with fixed-field encapsulation is used to reduce transmission redundancy. In addition, signal-strength assessment, transmission-status confirmation, and Flash-based data caching and retransmission are integrated to improve data-return reliability under weak communication conditions. Sea-trial results show that the system can continuously acquire multi-layer CTD observations, achieving an overall data reception rate of 98.74%. In a dedicated cache-retransmission test involving two prolonged reception interruptions, all 465 observation records generated during the test period were eventually received after link restoration, demonstrating the effectiveness of the Flash-based cache retransmission mechanism under intermittent communication outages. Power-consumption tests further show that the on-demand module powering strategy reduces the current during inactive periods by more than 90%. These results demonstrate the engineering applicability of the proposed method for continuous multi-layer CTD buoy observations, communication-outage tolerance, reliable data recovery, and low-power operation.

Key words: ocean buoy, multi-layer temperature-salinity-depth observation, BeiDou short-message communication, fixed-point encoding, cache retransmission, reliable transmission