华南沿海及南海北部岛屿台风降水雨滴谱特征的对比分析

doi:10.11978/2026120

热带海洋学报

华南沿海及南海北部岛屿台风降水雨滴谱特征的对比分析

黄朝盈^{1, 2}, 蔡奕萍^{1, 2}, 罗栩羽^{1, 2}, 冼星河^{1, 2}, 孙启斌^{1, 2}, 王国章³, 张阿思^4*

1. 广东省东莞市气象局, 广东东莞 523086;
2. 东莞市城市生态环境气象工程技术研究中心/粤港澳大湾区气象研究院, 广东东莞 523086;

3. 海南省三沙市气象局, 海南三沙 573101;

4. 广东省气象台, 广东广州 510630

收稿日期:2026-08-03 修回日期:2026-09-30 接受日期:2026-10-21
通讯作者: 张阿思
基金资助:
广东省气象局科技创新团队(GRMCTD202509‑QN02); 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2024A1515510022)

Comparative Analysis of Raindrop Size Distribution Characteristics of Typhoon Precipitation over Coastal South China and Islands in the Northern South China Sea

HUANG Chaoying¹^, ², CAI Yiping¹^, ², LUO Xuyu¹^, ², XIAN Xinghe¹^, ², SUN Qibin¹^, ², WANG Guozhang³, ZHANG Asi⁴*

1. Dongguan Meteorological Bureau of Guangdong Province, Dongguan 523086, China;
2. Dongguan Engineering Technology Research Center of Urban Eco-Environmental Meteorology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Academy of Meteorological Research, Dongguan 523086, China;

3. Sansha Meteorological Bureau of Hainan Province, Sansha 573101, China;

4. Guangdong Meteorological Observatory, Guangzhou 510630, China

Received:2026-08-03 Revised:2026-09-30 Accepted:2026-10-21
Supported by:
Science and Technology Innovation Team of Guangdong Meteorological Bureau (GRMCTD202509-QN02); Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515510022)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文利用广东沿海及南海北部永兴岛观测的7个台风过程和南海后汛期降水资料，对比分析了海洋与沿海台风降水的雨滴谱特征。结果表明：小于2 mm的雨滴是台风降水的主要贡献者，海洋台风此类雨滴数浓度明显高于沿海台风。海洋台风在各雨带中均可观测到较高浓度的4~6 mm大雨滴，可能源自冰相粒子融化；而沿海台风降水直径多小于4 mm，大雨滴浓度较低。给定降水率下，两类台风的雨滴数浓度（N(D)）谱均呈单峰正态分布，海洋台风中、大雨滴数浓度高于沿海台风，沿海台风小雨滴数浓度更高。不同降水系统中，台风Gamma谱拟合趋势相近，海洋台风N(D)始终高于沿海台风；海洋台风数浓度高于非台风降水。层云降水在沿海台风和海洋非台风降水中占主导（发生率> 80%，贡献率> 40%），而海洋台风层云降水发生率（58.1%）和贡献率（8.2%）显著偏低，表明台风登陆过程中对流活动减弱、层云降水增多。1~2 mm雨滴是所有降水的主要构成，台风层云降水以< 1 mm和1~2 mm雨滴为主，对流降水则以1~3 mm和> 3 mm雨滴为主。不同降水率、雨带和降水系统间Λ、μ和N₀存在显著差异，海洋台风Λ和μ值更小，谱宽更窄；非台风Λ和μ始终最大，DSD变异性最强。与其他地区相比，两类台风Z-R关系均呈较大的A值和较小的b值，且海洋台风A值更大。

关键词: 沿海台风降水, 南海北部降水, 非台风降水, 雨滴谱特征

Abstract: This study compares raindrop size distribution (DSD) characteristics among oceanic typhoons, coastal typhoons, and non typhoon precipitation using observations from seven typhoons at Guangdong coastal sites and Yongxing Island in the South China Sea, together with post flood season rainfall. Raindrops <2 mm dominate typhoon rainfall, with higher number concentrations in oceanic than coastal typhoons. Oceanic typhoons show substantial 4–6 mm drops across rainbands, likely from melting ice particles, while coastal typhoon drops are mostly <4 mm. At a given rain rate, both typhoon types exhibit unimodal lognormal N(D) spectra. Oceanic typhoons have higher concentrations of 1–3 mm and >3 mm drops, whereas coastal typhoons have more <1 mm drops, possibly due to higher coastal aerosol loads. Gamma fitted spectral shapes are similar across typhoon systems, but oceanic typhoons consistently yield higher N(D) than coastal ones, suggesting comparable convective microphysics. Oceanic typhoons also exceed non typhoon in number concentration. Stratiform precipitation dominates coastal typhoons and oceanic non typhoon (occurrence >80%, contribution >40%) but is much lower for oceanic typhoons (58.1% and 8.2%), implying decreasing convection and increasing stratiform during landfall. Drops of 1–2 mm contributes most across all categories. Typhoon stratiform rain consists mainly of <1 mm and 1–2 mm drops, while convective rain is dominated by 1–3 mm and >3 mm drops, with oceanic typhoon convection showing higher contributions for each size class, especially 1–2 mm. The parameters Λ, μ, and N₀ vary significantly with rain rate, rainband, and type; oceanic typhoons have smaller Λ and μ (narrower spectra), while non typhoon has the largest (strongest variability). Compared with other regions, both typhoon types show Z–R relationships with larger A and smaller b; oceanic typhoons have larger A due to larger Dm and smaller N(D).

Key words: Coastal typhoon precipitation, precipitation over the northern South China Sea, non-typhoon precipitation, raindrop size distribution characteristics

黄朝盈蔡奕萍罗栩羽孙启斌王国章张阿思. 华南沿海及南海北部岛屿台风降水雨滴谱特征的对比分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 0, (): 1-.

HUANG Chaoying CAI Yiping LUO Xuyu XIAN Xinghe SUN Qibin WANG Guozhang ZHANG Asi. Comparative Analysis of Raindrop Size Distribution Characteristics of Typhoon Precipitation over Coastal South China and Islands in the Northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 0, (): 1-.