海相碳酸盐岩体系镁同位素组成控制因素及其指示意义*

doi:10.11978/YG2026001

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 146-161.doi: 10.11978/YG2026001CSTR: 32234.14.YG2026001

海相碳酸盐岩体系镁同位素组成控制因素及其指示意义^*

黄康俊¹(), 张攀¹, 冯东², 颜文³

¹ 西北大学地质学系, 大陆演化与早期生命国家重点实验室, 陕西省早期生命与环境重点实验室, 陕西西安 710069
² 上海海洋大学海洋与生态科学学院, 上海 201306
³ 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室, 南海生态环境工程创新研究院, 广东广州 510301

收稿日期:2026-02-11 修回日期:2026-03-04 出版日期:2026-09-10 发布日期:2026-10-13
通讯作者: 黄康俊
作者简介:
黄康俊, 湖北省咸宁市人, 教授, 从事非传统稳定同位素地球化学。email: hkj@nwu.edu.cn
*衷心感谢所有为南科1井钻探项目作出贡献的科学和工程专家。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3100600); 中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室开放基金项目(OMG2020—02)

Controlling factors and implications of magnesium isotopic compositions of marine carbonates^*

HUANG Kangjun¹(), ZHANG Pan¹, FENG Dong², YAN Wen³

¹ Department of Geology, State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
² College of Ocean and Ecological Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
³ Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology), South China Sea Ecology and Environment Engineering Innovation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China

Received:2026-02-11 Revised:2026-03-04 Online:2026-09-10 Published:2026-10-13
Contact: HUANG Kangjun
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC3100600); Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(OMG2020—02)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海相碳酸盐岩的镁同位素组成(δ²⁶Mg)为深入理解海洋镁循环、古气候及成岩作用提供了重要约束。然而, 混合水带和大气淡水成岩作用对碳酸盐岩δ²⁶Mg的影响仍缺乏系统认识, 且不同成岩环境对其改造效应亦表现出明显的区域差异。本研究以南海美济礁南科1 (NK-1)井全岩碳酸盐岩样品为研究对象, 综合矿物学、地球化学分析与数值模拟结果, 系统探讨了不同矿物相(文石、方解石和白云石)及成岩环境(大气淡水、海水、混合水带成岩作用和白云石化作用)对海相碳酸盐岩 δ²⁶Mg 的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明, 海相碳酸盐岩δ²⁶Mg主要受矿物组成与成岩环境的共同控制。流体缓冲成因的白云石和保存完好的高镁方解石, 其δ²⁶Mg分别相对于同期海水偏负约2.0‰和2.4‰, 是重建海水δ²⁶Mg的可靠载体。相比之下, 以文石为主的样品由于文石中Mg含量极低, 其δ²⁶Mg极易受混入方解石影响。此外, 方解石的δ²⁶Mg变化范围很大(−5.1‰ ~ −3.1‰), 且在大气淡水、混合水带和海水成岩过程中, 镁同位素的分馏值在−4.5‰ ~ −4‰之间。这表明文石和低镁方解石并非理想的海水δ²⁶Mg载体, 而受改造程度最低的灰岩样品可能代表了同期海水δ²⁶Mg的下限(偏差约−2.4‰)。通过与全球其他现代海相碳酸盐岩数据的对比, 我们认为全球不同地区灰岩δ²⁶Mg的变化主要受控于成岩环境及改造程度。这一发现强调了利用受强烈改造样品来评估碳酸盐岩记录海水化学特征保真度的重要性。本研究加深了对成岩过程中碳酸盐岩镁同位素行为的理解, 评估了碳酸盐矿物作为海水δ²⁶Mg档案的可靠性, 并阐明了全球范围内碳酸盐岩δ²⁶Mg的关键控制因素。

关键词: 美济礁, 南科1井, 重结晶, 方解石, 淡水成岩作用

Abstract:

The magnesium isotope composition (δ²⁶Mg) of shallow-water carbonates provides critical constraints on the marine Mg cycle, paleoclimate, and diagenesis. However, the impact of meteoric and mixing-zone diagenesis on carbonate δ²⁶Mg remains poorly understood, and these diagenetic effects exhibit significant regional variability. Here, we investigate how mineralogy (aragonite, calcite, and dolomite) and diagenetic environments (meteoric, marine, mixing-zone diagenesis, and dolomitization) influence bulk carbonate δ²⁶Mg, integrating mineralogical and geochemical analyses with numerical modeling using samples from Well NK-1 (Meiji Atoll, South China Sea). Results indicate that carbonate δ²⁶Mg is co-controlled by mineral composition and the diagenetic environment. Fluid-buffered dolomites and well-preserved high-Mg calcites exhibit fractionation offsets of ~ −2.0‰ and ~ −2.4‰ relative to coeval seawater, respectively, making them reliable archives for seawater δ²⁶Mg reconstruction. In contrast, aragonite-dominated samples are highly susceptible to alteration by secondary calcite due to the low Mg content of aragonite. Furthermore, calcite δ²⁶Mg varies widely (−5.1‰ to −3.1‰), corresponding to isotope fractionation factors between −4.5‰ and −4.0‰ during meteoric, mixing-zone, and marine diagenesis. This suggests that aragonite and low-Mg calcite are poor archives of seawater δ²⁶Mg, whereas the least-altered limestone samples may constrain the lower limit of coeval seawater δ²⁶Mg (offset ~ −2.4‰). Global comparisons indicate that limestone δ²⁶Mg variability is primarily controlled by the diagenetic setting and the degree of alteration. This study underscores the importance of evaluating diagenetic alteration to assess the fidelity of seawater chemistry records, refines our understanding of Mg isotope behavior during diagenesis, and clarifies the key controls on global carbonate δ²⁶Mg.

Key words: Meiji Atoll, Well NK-1, recrystallization, calcite, meteoric diagenesis

中图分类号:

P734.24

黄康俊, 张攀, 冯东, 颜文. 海相碳酸盐岩体系镁同位素组成控制因素及其指示意义^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(5): 146-161.

HUANG Kangjun, ZHANG Pan, FENG Dong, YAN Wen. Controlling factors and implications of magnesium isotopic compositions of marine carbonates^*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(5): 146-161.

图/表 7

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海相碳酸盐岩体系镁同位素组成控制因素及其指示意义^*

Controlling factors and implications of magnesium isotopic compositions of marine carbonates^*

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Controlling factors and implications of magnesium isotopic compositions of marine carbonates*

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海相碳酸盐岩体系镁同位素组成控制因素及其指示意义^*

Controlling factors and implications of magnesium isotopic compositions of marine carbonates^*