西亚干旱区全新世水文气候研究进展

doi:10.11978/2025035

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 3-16.doi: 10.11978/2025035CSTR: 32234.14.2025035

西亚干旱区全新世水文气候研究进展

吴兰军¹^,²(), 黎刚¹(), 杨梦林¹^,²

¹热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 511458
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2025-03-05 修回日期:2025-03-31 出版日期:2026-01-10 发布日期:2026-01-30
通讯作者: 黎刚(1981—), 男, 四川省仁寿县人, 研究员, 主要从事沉积物源−汇以及古海洋学研究。email: gangli@scsio.ac.cn
作者简介:
吴兰军(1996—), 女, 河南省沈丘县人, 博士, 主要从事海洋古环境研究。email: wulanjun@scsio.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42176079); 国家自然科学基金(41976062); 中国科学院南海海洋研究所自主部署项目(SCSIO2023QY05)

A review of the Holocene hydroclimate in the arid West Asia

WU Lanjun¹^,²(), LI Gang¹(), YANG Menglin¹^,²

¹State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2025-03-05 Revised:2025-03-31 Online:2026-01-10 Published:2026-01-30
Contact: LI Gang. email: gangli@scsio.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176079); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41976062); Independent Deployment Project of South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(SCSIO2023QY05)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西亚地区是亚欧大陆中纬度干旱区的重要组成部分, 常年降水稀少、蒸发强烈, 生态系统脆弱, 对降水-温度耦合变化响应极为敏感。厘清西亚地区的气候变化规律, 不仅可为未来气候变化提供预测依据, 也对区域经济发展与社会稳定具有重要意义。然而, 长期以来西亚地区古气候研究相对薄弱, 气候记录稀少且存在诸多矛盾, 严重制约了对区域气候长期变化趋势的预测。本文系统梳理了过去30年西亚全新世水文气候记录, 探讨其变化模式和驱动机制。已有的孢粉记录显示, 该区域有效湿度在全新世呈持续增强趋势, 而石笋和湖泊沉积物δ¹⁸O的记录却显示全新世气候逐渐变干。整合对比西亚地区现有的气候记录, 推断石笋和湖泊次生碳酸钙的δ¹⁸O变化主要受控于水汽源区——地中海表层海水δ¹⁸O组成变化, 不能用雨量效应来解释。基于对西亚地区多源水文气候记录和指标可靠性的剖析, 本文推断, 西亚干旱地区全新世千年尺度气候条件模式与夏季太阳辐射主导的西风带强度和位置密切相关。早全新世夏季太阳辐射增强对应较高表面温度, 驱动西风环流向北移动, 导致西亚地区西风水汽输送减少, 气候干旱加剧; 然而东非季风区降雨增加导致尼罗河等河流入海水量增大, 从而引起地中海海水δ¹⁸O组成负偏, 受水汽源区δ¹⁸O变化影响, 西亚地区降水δ¹⁸O记录趋于负偏。晚全新世则呈现相反的特征。

关键词: 西亚干旱区, 水文气候, 孢粉, 石笋, 西风环流

Abstract:

As a key component of the mid-latitude arid belt in Eurasia, arid West Asia is characterized by perennial aridity, low precipitation, intense evaporation, and fragile ecosystems, making it highly sensitive to coupled precipitation-temperature variations. Clarifying the climatic evolution patterns in West Asia is therefore crucial for predicting future climate trends and ensuring regional economic development and social stability. However, long-term trend analyses of precipitation in West Asia remain challenging due to the sparsity of paleoclimate records, which are often contradictory. This study synthesizes hydroclimatic records from the past three decades to summarize Holocene moisture patterns in West Asia and discuss their potential drivers. Existing pollen records suggest a long-term increase in effective moisture during the Holocene. In contrast, speleothem and lacustrine carbonate δ¹⁸O records demonstrate a progressive aridification trend during the Holocene. After reviewing existing hydroclimatic records in West Asia, we infer that the δ¹⁸O variations in secondary carbonates in West Asia are dominated by seawater δ¹⁸O dynamics in eastern Mediterranean, rather than directly recording local precipitation amount. Based on multi-proxy hydroclimatic records and reliability assessments of paleoclimate indicators in West Asia, this study infers that the millennial-scale climatic patterns in the arid regions of West Asia during the Holocene were closely linked to the intensity and latitudinal shifts of the westerlies, which were primarily modulated by summer insolation. During the early Holocene, increased summer insolation led to higher surface temperatures, driving a northward shift of the westerly circulation. It reduced moisture transport by the westerlies to West Asia, resulting in drier conditions. However, increased precipitation in the East African monsoon region enhanced freshwater discharge from the Nile and other rivers into the Mediterranean Sea, resulting in a negative δ¹⁸O excursion in Mediterranean seawater. Consequently, this modified moisture source signature led to depleted δ¹⁸O values in precipitation records across West Asia. The late Holocene exhibited opposite characteristics.

Key words: arid West Asia, hydroclimate, pollen, stalagmite, westerlies

中图分类号:

P532

吴兰军, 黎刚, 杨梦林. 西亚干旱区全新世水文气候研究进展[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(1): 3-16.

WU Lanjun, LI Gang, YANG Menglin. A review of the Holocene hydroclimate in the arid West Asia[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(1): 3-16.

图/表 4

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西亚干旱区全新世水文气候研究进展

A review of the Holocene hydroclimate in the arid West Asia

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