南海深水区白云凹陷烃源岩热演化与油气资源潜力预测*

doi:10.11978/2016047

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于钻井、测井、地震及地质等资料及盆地数值模拟技术, 结合成因法及类比法, 对南海深水区白云凹陷现今地温场特征、烃源岩热演化、烃源岩排烃强度、烃源岩排烃量以及已发现油气田石油、天然气聚集系数进行了系统研究, 进而综合预测白云凹陷油气资源潜力。研究表明, 白云凹陷地温梯度较高, 介于34~67℃·km^-1之间, 均值为40℃·km^-1, 有利于有机质的成熟与烃类生成; 各烃源岩现今均处于成熟生油或过成熟生气阶段, 烃源岩成熟度从珠海组顶面到文昌组底面增幅较大, 文昌组烃源岩底面过成熟面积占凹陷面积的53.7%; 各烃源岩排气强度均大于排油强度, 且恩平组上段为主力排烃层位; 文昌、恩平及珠海组3套烃源岩总排烃量为1143×10⁸m³油当量。且结合石油、天然气聚集系数预测白云凹陷保守资源量为25.2×10⁸m³油当量。

关键词: 珠江口盆地, 白云凹陷, 烃源岩热演化及排烃量, 聚集系数, 资源潜力

Abstract:

Based on the data of drilling, logging, seismic, geology and basin modeling, we analyzed the characteristics of geothermal, source rock maturation, hydrocarbon expulsion, and accumulation coefficient by using the analogy and genetic methods. Then, prediction of petroleum resources potential in Baiyun depression is carried out. The results show that the Baiyun Depression presents high geothermal gradient, ranging from 34 to 67℃·km^-1 and with an average of 40℃·km^-1, which is favorable for organic matter maturation and hydrocarbon generation. Each source rock has been in the stage of mature or post mature, and the source rock maturation increases from the top formation of Zhuhai to the bottom formation of Wenchang; the area of post mature is 53.7% in the bottom formation of Wenchang. The strength of gas expulsion is bigger than the strength of oil expulsion, and the upper formation of Enping is the major formation of hydrocarbon expulsion. The hydrocarbon expulsion of three source rocks is 1143×10⁸m³, and prediction of petroleum resources potential in the Baiyun Depression is 25.2×10⁸m³ combining the accumulation coefficients of oil and gas.

Key words: Pearl River Mouth Basin, Baiyun Depression, source rock maturation and hydrocarbon expulsion, accumulation coefficient, resource potential

王柯, 张功成, 杨海长, 仝志刚, 杨树春. 南海深水区白云凹陷烃源岩热演化与油气资源潜力预测^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2017, 36(1): 25-34.

Ke WANG, Gongcheng ZHANG, Haizhang YANG, Zhigang TONG, Shuchun YANG. Thermal evolution of source rock and prediction of petroleum resources potential in Baiyun Depression, deep-water area of the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2017, 36(1): 25-34.

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构造单元	单井名称	门限深度/m	地温梯度/(℃·km^-1)
凹陷中部	d	2530	37
凹陷北部	c	2139	38
凹陷南部	e	3325	48
凹陷东部	g	2453	45
凹陷西部	a	1795	40

井号		演化时间/Ma
井号		低成熟(R_o=0.5%)	成熟(R_o=0.7%)	高成熟(R_o=1.3%)	过成熟(R_o=2.0%)
d	恩平组	33.2	30.5	22.9	18.5
d	文昌组	37.4	36.4	33.8	31.4
c	恩平组	20.3	10.4	/	/
c	文昌组	23.0	12.5	/	/
e	恩平组	30.3	26.7	7.1	/
e	文昌组	36.5	29.4	19.1	2.9
g	恩平组	9.1	/	/	/
g	文昌组	10.4	/	/	/
a	恩平组	22.8	16.7	5.2	/
a	文昌组	31.1	20.2	9.6	/

凹陷	层位	油/(×10⁸m³)			气/(×10¹¹m³)
凹陷	层位	P10	P50	P90	P10	P50	P90
白云凹陷	珠海组	0	0	0	67.0	34.4	13.4
	恩平组上段	35.9	24.5	14.5	613.6	533.0	458.6
	恩平组中段	0.3	0.2	0.1	74.1	67.7	61.6
	恩平组下段	0.3	0.2	0.1	245.7	229.6	212.8
	恩平组	36.5	24.8	14.7	933.4	830.2	733.0
	文昌组	85.4	77.1	69.5	188.4	176.7	165.4

	探明地质储量	排烃量	聚集系数/%
石油/(×10⁴m³)	115.93	24161.16	0.48
天然气/(×10⁸m³)	153.45	6190.89	2.48

	资源量
	最大	最小	平均
油/×10⁸m³	15.0	0.4	3.4
气/×10¹¹m³	77.2	2.3	21.8
合计/×10⁸m³油当量	92.2	2.7	25.2