南海北部陆缘不均匀伸展及脉动式构造升降史*

doi:10.11978/2022133

热带海洋学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 96-115.doi: 10.11978/2022133CSTR: 32234.14.2022133

南海北部陆缘不均匀伸展及脉动式构造升降史^*

赵中贤¹^,²^,³(), 孙珍¹^,³(), 毛云华⁴, 张伙带²

1.中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室, 南海生态环境工程创新研究院, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东广州 511458
2.自然资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室, 中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局, 广东广州 510760
3.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州), 广东广州 511458
4.中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司, 云南昆明 650051

收稿日期:2022-06-10 修回日期:2022-08-15 出版日期:2023-05-10 发布日期:2022-09-07
作者简介:
赵中贤(1985—), 男, 山东省菏泽市人, 研究员, 从事构造沉降与地球动力学研究。email: zxzhao@scsio.ac.cn
*感谢中国海洋石油公司提供的反射地震数据。感谢编辑部老师和两位匿名审稿专家提出的宝贵建议。
基金资助:
中国科学院青年创新促进会资助项目; 自然资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室开放基金(KLMMR-2018-B-06); 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0205); 国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3100604); 国家自然科学基金面上基金(42076077)

Heterogeneous extension and pulsed tectonic subsidence in the northern South China Sea margin^*

ZHAO Zhongxian¹^,²^,³(), SUN Zhen¹^,³(), MAO Yunhua⁴, ZHANG Huodai²

1. CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
2. Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, China
3. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
4. Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited, Kunming 650051, China

Received:2022-06-10 Revised:2022-08-15 Online:2023-05-10 Published:2022-09-07
Supported by:
Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS; Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources(KLMMR-2018-B-06); Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0205); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC3100604); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42076077)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南海北部陆缘在区域板块构造和深部地幔流影响下, 发育了复杂的构造、岩浆和基底升降过程。本文采用最新提出的伸展校正回剥技术和4条长地震剖面, 对南海北部陆缘新生代伸展变形和从张裂到裂后的构造升降过程开展详细研究。结果表明南海北部陆缘伸展减薄差别大, 强伸展与弱伸展不仅具有南北分带特点, 还具有东西交替出现的分块特征。琼东南盆地、珠江口盆地中部、台西南盆地伸展减薄大, 部分地壳被减薄至10km以下; 而珠江口西部和东部伸展减薄小, 地壳厚度大都在20km以上。强伸展与弱伸展陆缘总应变不同, 但应变速率均具有张裂早期慢、晚期快的二阶段特征。强伸展陆缘最大应变速率在4×10^-15~7×10^-15s^-1之间, 地壳最大伸展系数为4~10; 弱伸展陆缘最大应变速率小于1×10^-15s^-1, 最大伸展系数小于1.9。南海北部陆缘构造升降具有脉动式、快慢交替的特征。张裂期构造沉降快, 裂后构造升降表现为4幕先慢后快及东早西晚的特点。陆缘西部琼东南盆地脉动式升降主要与深部地幔上升流引起的动力地形有关。陆缘东部珠江口和台西南盆地脉动式构造升降则可能受南海打开过程及吕宋岛弧与南海陆缘碰撞的影响。

关键词: 构造沉降, 应变速率, 琼东南盆地, 珠江口盆地, 南海

Abstract:

Under the influence of regional plate tectonics and deep mantle flow, the northern continental margin of the South China Sea has developed the complicated tectonic, magmatic and basement subsidence processes. In this study, the modified technique of back-stripping and four long seismic profiles are applied to conduct an in-depth investigation into the Cenozoic extensional deformation of the northern South China Sea margin and the syn- to post-rift tectonic subsidence history. Results show a significant difference in the crustal thinning in the northern South China Sea margin. From east to west, the strong and weak extensional zones occur alternatively. The Qiongdongnan Basin, the middle segment of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, and the Taixinan Basin experienced strong extension, and part of the crust is extremely thinned to less than 10 km; while the west and east segments of the Pearl River Mouth underwent minor extension, and the crustal thickness mostly remains above 20 km. The total strain between the strong and weak extensional margins are largely different, however, the strain rates both show a two-stage characteristics: slow in the early syn-rift period and fast in the post-rift period. In the strong extensional margin, the largest strain rate ranges between 4×10^-15 and 7×10^-15·s^-1, and the maximum extensional factor is 4~10; while in the weak extensional margin, the largest strain rate is less than 1×10^-15·s^-1, and the maximum extension factor is less than 1.9. Moreover, the northern continental margin of the South China Sea is characterized by pulsed and alternative fast and slow tectonic subsidence. The tectonic subsidence was rapid during the syn-rift period. The post-rift period is characterized by four episodes of slow-fast-slow-slow tectonic subsidence, which happened early in the east then late in the west. The pulsed tectonic subsidence in the Qiongdongnan Basin is mainly related to deep mantle upwelling. The pulsed tectonic subsidence in the Pearl River Mouth and the Taixinan Basins may be affected by the diachronous opening of the South China Sea and the collision between the Luzon Island Arc and the South China Sea margin.

Key words: tectonic subsidence, strain rate, Qiongdongnan Basin, Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea

赵中贤, 孙珍, 毛云华, 张伙带. 南海北部陆缘不均匀伸展及脉动式构造升降史^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2023, 42(3): 96-115.

ZHAO Zhongxian, SUN Zhen, MAO Yunhua, ZHANG Huodai. Heterogeneous extension and pulsed tectonic subsidence in the northern South China Sea margin^*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(3): 96-115.

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断层	活动速率/(m·Myr^-1)
断层	45—33.9Ma	33.9—28.4Ma	28.4—25.5Ma	25.5—23Ma	23—0Ma
F1	120.8	283.5	236.2	232.0	-
F4	9.8	16.2	58.0	29.6	-
F5	70.7	82.4	57.7	46.2	-
F6	125.9	85.5	201.2	26.7	-
F7	43.1	62.0	271.5	-	-
F8	35.9	83.6	88.7	-	-
F9	122.1	99.5	205.4	-	-
F10	178.3	339.8	370.4	200.5	-
F14	-	121.7	109.9	181.0	-
F15	-	60.4	26.4	55.1	-
F16	-	-	-	78.3	-
F17	-	-	-	54.9	-
F18	-	43.6	67.6	317.6	-
F19	31.5	55.5	-	231.5	-
F20	22.2	29.2	-	140.6	-
平均	71.1	90.0	145.7	123.8	0

断层	活动速率/(m·Myr^-1)
断层	45—33.9Ma	33.9—28.4Ma	28.4—25.5Ma	25.5—23Ma	23—0Ma
F1	-	45.9	135.0	370.4	-
F2	-	74.3	-	41.9	-
F3	57.3	178.6	-	-	-
F4	116.4	20.3	-	-	-
F5	39.3	106.5	150.9	-	-
F6	35.8	267.1	107.5	-	-
F7	122.6	107.9	102.4	80.8	-
F8	41	196.8	-	131.8	-
F9	32.7	84.9	-	127.1	-
平均	63.6	120.3	124.0	150.4	0

断层	活动速率/(m·Myr^-1)
断层	56—38Ma	38—33.9Ma	33.9—23Ma	23—16Ma	16—0Ma
F1	23.7	56.5	-	-	-
F2	10.8	98.5	16.4	37.7	-
F3	-	45.8	-	-	-
F4	10.6	47.9	-	-	-
F5	16.9	32.7	17	-	-
F6	14.8	99.4	-	-	-
F7	-	38.1	-	-	-
F8	45	62	13.2	-	-
F9	197	88.9	-	-	-
F10	-	-	-	18.9	-
F11	49.3	33	11.5	10.9	-
F12	14.9	-	-	12.7	-
F13	13.2	-	-	-	-
F14	13.6	-	10.3	-	-
F15	-	11	-	-	-
平均	37.3	55.8	13.7	20	0

断层	活动速率/(m·Myr^-1)
断层	56—38Ma	38—33.9Ma	33.9—23Ma	23—16Ma	16—10Ma	10—0Ma
F1	-	111.4	68.4	66.7	21.8	-
F2	44	179.4	77.6	-	11.7	-
F3	-	45.9	-	-	4.9	-
F4	70	144.9	25.9	14	59.6	-
F5	157.1	363.8	19.6	-	38.7	-
F6	84.6	86.6	7.6	-	-	-
F7	66.5	221	12.8	-	-	-
F8	29.9	327.8	-	-	-	-
F9	21.2	613.8	-	-	-	-
平均	67.6	232.7	30.3	40.4	27.3	0

南海北部陆缘不均匀伸展及脉动式构造升降史^*

Heterogeneous extension and pulsed tectonic subsidence in the northern South China Sea margin^*

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南海北部陆缘不均匀伸展及脉动式构造升降史*

Heterogeneous extension and pulsed tectonic subsidence in the northern South China Sea margin*

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南海北部陆缘不均匀伸展及脉动式构造升降史^*

Heterogeneous extension and pulsed tectonic subsidence in the northern South China Sea margin^*