围填海工程对淇澳岛附近水域环境因子与生物群落的影响

doi:10.11978/2016065

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

围填海工程是人类利用、开发海洋的重要方式, 但是频繁开展的人类围填海活动对当地的海洋生态系统产生了深远的影响。以淇澳岛附近水域为研究区域, 调查该水域围填海前后环境因子与生物群落的变化情况, 从环境的变化趋势以及浮游植物、浮游动物和鱼类在围填海前后种类及多样性的变化入手, 研究从2010—2014年淇澳岛水域南部半潮礁围填海工程对当地水域生态系统造成的影响。结果表明, 围填海工程对水体的重金属污染及富营养化都有着不同程度的负面影响, 并降低了当地水域生物群落的稳定性, 群落种类较围填海之前有所减少。

关键词: 围填海, 淇澳岛, 环境因子, 生物群落

Abstract:

Land reclamation is an important way to use the ocean. But frequent human activities have a far-reaching influence on local marine ecosystem. Using the Qi’ao Island sea area as the study area, we surveyed the environmental factors and the changes of the biological community before and after reclamation. From the trend of the changes in the environment and the changes of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and the diversity and species of fish before and after reclamation, we investigated the influence on local marine ecosystems caused by the reclamation projects around the southern Qi’ao Island from 2010 to 2014. The results showed that the reclamation has had different degree of negative impact in terms of heavy metal pollution and eutrophication, and reduced the stability of local biological community. The community species has also decreased after the reclamation.

Key words: reclamation, Qi’ao Island, environmental factor, biological community

中图分类号:

P763.3

崔磊, 吕颂辉, 董悦镭, 郜星晨, 李丽, 刘丰华, 岑竞仪. 围填海工程对淇澳岛附近水域环境因子与生物群落的影响[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2017, 36(2): 96-105.

Lei CUI, Songhui LÜ, Yuelei DONG, Xingchen GAO, Li LI, Fenghua LIU, Jingyi CEN. Influence on the biological community and environmental factors around Qi’ao Island caused by reclamation project[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2017, 36(2): 96-105.

图/表 11

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

图5

表2

图6

表3

表4

表5

参考文献 30

1	包瑛瑛, 2015. 研究围填海开发活动对海洋资源影响评价方法[J]. 资源节约与环保, (2): 81.
	BAO YINGYING, 2015. Study on the effect of reclamation on marine resources[J]. Resources Economization & Environmental Protection, (2): 81 (in Chinese).
2	蔡丽萍, 金敬林, 胡益峰, 等, 2011. 舟山围填海现状调查与保护措施探讨[J]. 浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版), 30(6): 552-555.
	CAI LIPING, JIN JINGLIN, HU YIFENG, et al, 2011. Investigation of the present situation and discussion of the protection measures about the reclamation in Zhoushan[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University (Natural Science), 30(6): 552-555 (in Chinese).
3	程婧蕾, 王丽卿, 季高华, 等, 2009. 上海市10个城市公园景观水体富营养化评价[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 18(4): 435-442.
	CHENG JINGLEI, WANG LIQING, JI GAOHUA, et al, 2009. Eutrophication evaluation of landscape waters in ten urban parks in Shanghai[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 18(4): 435-442 (in Chinese).
4	狄乾斌, 韩增林, 2008. 大连市围填海活动的影响及对策研究[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 25(10): 122-126.
	DI QIANBIN, HAN ZENGLIN, 2008. The impacts of reclamation activities in Dalian and the countermeasures[J]. Ocean Development and Management, 25(10): 122-126 (in Chinese).
5	方宏达, 朱艾嘉, 董燕红, 等, 2009. 2005~2006年珠江口. 浮游动物群落变化研究[J]. 台湾海峡, 28(1): 30-37.
	FANG HONGDA, ZHU AIJIA, DONG YANHONG, et al, 2009. Study on the variation of zooplankton community in the Pearl River Estuary in 2005~2006[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 28(1): 30-37 (in Chinese).
6	国家环境保护总局, 1997. GB 3097-1997 中华人民共和国海水水质标准[S]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社.
7	国家环境保护总局, 2002. GB 3838-2002 地表水环境质量标准[S]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社.
8	国家海洋局, 2008. GB 17378-2007 海洋监测规范[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社.
9	胡聪, 2014. 围填海开发活动对海洋资源影响评价方法研究[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 1-155.
	HU CONG, 2014. Methods of reclamation impact evaluation on marine resources[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 1-155 (in Chinese).
10	黄备, 邵君波, 周斌, 等, 2015. 椒江口围填海工程对浮游动物的影响[J]. 生态科学, 34(4): 86-92.
	HUANG BEI, SHAO JUNBO, ZHOU BIN, et al, 2015. The effect of reclamation on zooplankton in Jiaojiang Estuary[J]. Ecological Science, 34(4): 86-92 (in Chinese).
11	金相灿, 等, 1995. 中国湖泊环境[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社.
12	李加林, 杨晓平, 童亿勤, 2007. 潮滩围垦对海岸环境的影响研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 26(2): 43-51.
	LI JIALIN, YANG XIAOPING, TONG YIQIN, 2007. Progress on environmental effects of tidal flat reclamation[J]. Progress in Geography, 26(2): 43-51 (in Chinese).
13	李强, 马长安, 吕巍巍, 等, 2012. 南汇东滩湿地围垦水域内浮游动物群落结构的变化[J]. 应用生态学报, 23(8): 2287-2294.
	LI QIANG, MA CHANG’AN, LV WEIWEI, et al, 2012. Variations of zooplankton’s community structure in reclaimed waters of Nanhui east tidal flat of Shanghai, East China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 23(8): 2287-2294 (in Chinese).
14	李永振, 陈国宝, 孙典荣, 2000. 珠江口鱼类组成分析[J]. 水产学报, 24(4): 312-317.
	LI YONGZHEN, CHEN GUOBAO, SUN DIANRONG, 2000. Analysis of the composition of fishes in the Pearl River estuarine waters[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 24(4): 312-317 (in Chinese).
15	马玉, 李团结, 高全洲, 等, 2014. 珠江口沉积物重金属背景值及其污染研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 34(3): 712-719.
	MA YU, LI TUANJIE, GAO QUANZHOU, et al, 2014. Background values and contamination of heavy metals in sediments from the Pearl River Estuary[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 34(3): 712-719 (in Chinese).
16	苏巍, 2014. 海州湾海域鱼类群落多样性及其与环境因子的关系[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 1-115. SU
	WEI, 2014. Fish community diversity in Haizhou Bay and its relationship with environmental factors[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 1-115 (in Chinese).
17	孙丽, 刘洪滨, 杨义菊, 等, 2010. 中外围填海管理的比较研究[J]. 中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版), (5): 40-46.
	SUN LI, LIU HONGBIN, YANG YIJU, et al, 2010. Comparative studies: coastal reclamation management between China and abroad[J]. Journal of Ocean University of China (Social Sciences Edition), (5): 40-46 (in Chinese).
18	孙儒泳, 李博, 诸葛阳, 等, 1993. 普通生态学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 121-130.
	SUN RUYONG, LI BO, ZHUGE YANG, et al, 1993. General Ecology[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 121-130 (in Chinese).
19	王爱军, 叶翔, 李团结, 等, 2011. 近百年来珠江口淇澳岛滨海湿地沉积物重金属累积及生态危害评价[J]. 环境科学, 32(5): 1306-1314.
	WANG AIJUN, YE XIANG, LI TUANJIE, et al, 2011. Heavy metal accumulation during last hundred years and its assessment of potential ecological risk in the coastal wetland of Qi’ao Island, Pearl River Estuary of China[J]. Environmental Science, 32(5): 1306-1314 (in Chinese).
20	谢挺, 胡益峰, 郭鹏军, 2009. 舟山海域围填海工程对海洋环境的影响及防治措施与对策[J]. 海洋环境科学, 28(S1): 105-108.
	XIE TING, HU YIFENG, GUO PENGJUN, 2009. Influence of reclamation land project from marshes on marine environment and countermeasures of protection in Zhoushan[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 28(S1): 105-108 (in Chinese).
21	许思思, 2011. 人为影响下渤海渔业资源的衰退机制[D]. 青岛: 中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所), 1-132.
	XU SISI, 2011. Decline mechanisms of fishery resources in the Bohai Sea under anthropogenic activities[D]. Qingdao: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-132 (in Chinese).
22	詹海刚, 1998. 珠江口及邻近水域鱼类群落结构研究[J]. 海洋学报, 20(3): 91-97.
	ZHAN HAIGANG, 1998. Study on fish community structure in the Zhujiang estuary and adjacent waters[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 20(3): 91-97 (in Chinese).
23	钟美明, 2010. 胶州湾海域生态系统健康评估[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 1-57.
	ZHONG MEIMING, 2010. Ecosystem health assessment of Jiaozhou Bay[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 1-57 (in Chinese).
24	HICKEY K, HEALY M R, 2002. Historic land reclamation in the intertidal wetlands of the Shannon estuary, western Ireland[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 36: 365-373.(请核对卷期)
25	HUANG X P, HUANG L M, YUE W Z, 2003. The characteristics of nutrients and eutrophication in the Pearl River estuary, South China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 47(1-6): 30-36.
26	SATO S, AZUMA M, 2002. Ecological and paleoecological implications of the rapid increase and decrease of an introduced bivalve Potamocorbula sp. after the construction of a reclamation dike in Isahaya Bay, western Kyushu, Japan[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 185(3-4): 369-378.
27	WHITTAKER R H, 1972. Evolution and measurement of species diversity[J]. Taxon, 21(2-3): 213-251.
28	YIN KEDONG, QIAN PEIYUAN, CHEN J C, et al, 2000. Dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass in the Pearl River estuary and adjacent waters of Hong Kong during summer: preliminary evidence for phosphorus and silicon limitation[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 194: 295-305.
29	YIN KEDONG, QIAN PEIYUAN, WU M C S, et al, 2001. Shift from P to N limitation of phytoplankton growth across the Pearl River Estuarine plume during summer[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 221: 17-28.
30	YIN KEDONG, SONG XIUXIAN, SUN JUN, et al, 2004. Potential P limitation leads to excess N in the pearl river estuarine coastal plume[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 24(16): 1895-1907.

	调查时间	I_TL (TP)	I_TL (TP)	I_TL (COD)	I_TL
QO-1	2011-11	58.40411	71.18249	-1.93814	42.54949
	2012-03	96.05474	59.79778	20.59628	58.81627
	2012-08	50.7794	54.10888	31.28259	45.39029
	2012-11	53.22108	64.71129	-66.3137	17.20623
	2013-03	48.31405	72.40241	—	60.35823
	2013-08	50.38292	65.60242	12.75077	42.91204
	2013-11	49.28281	64.88265	16.68652	43.61733
	2015-11	44.32174	64.68554	2.890212	37.29916
	2016-03	52.9104	66.48724	10.12694	43.17486
	平均值	55.96347	64.87341	3.260187	43.48043
QO-2	2011-11	63.56276	67.60041	14.67732	48.6135
	2012-03	97.25298	52.53767	24.16141	57.98402
	2012-08	53.1964	53.87984	14.91755	40.6646
	2012-11	47.1492	65.00202	-76.2621	11.96303
	2013-03	45.89144	62.35763	—	54.12453
	2013-08	22.71624	65.643	21.08313	36.48079
	2013-11	45.28333	66.04099	14.38253	41.90229
	2015-11	57.20921	64.936	14.89369	45.67963
	2016-03	57.40511	64.24262	7.286138	42.97796
	平均值	54.40741	62.47113	4.392458	42.26559
QO-3	2011-11	—	—	—	—
	2012-03	—	—	—	—
	2012-08	49.54345	57.75013	21.61822	42.9706
	2012-11	—	—	—	—
	2013-03	50.06911	73.70313	—	61.88612
	2013-08	53.7048	65.96416	15.51977	45.06291
	2013-11	47.08079	63.39568	6.861464	39.11264
	2015-11	47.3766	65.01571	-5.8642	35.50937
	2016-03	46.02334	62.49294	8.921229	39.14584
	平均值	48.96635	64.72029	9.411296	43.94791

	轴1	轴2	轴3	轴4
特征值	0.481	0.274	0.138	0.065
方差积累百分比/%	48.1	75.5	89.3	95.8

区域	H	R	J	D	种类数	D_v	总数/(个•L^-1)
QO-1	1.43	0.80	0.68	0.64	8	2.07	403
QO-2	1.73	0.95	0.78	0.76	9	2.19	334
QO-3	1.93	1.12	0.84	0.83	10	2.30	261
平均值	1.70	0.96	0.77	0.75	9	2.20	332.6

纲	目	数量(百分比/%)
纲	目	科	属	种
软骨鱼纲	鳐形目	1(2.13)	1(1.23)	1(1.04)
硬骨鱼纲	鲱形目	2(4.26)	4(4.94)	6(6.25)
	鲤形目	2(4.26)	5(6.17)	5(5.21)
	鳗鲡目	2(4.26)	3(3.70)	3(3.13)
	鲇形目	2(4.26)	2(2.47)	2(2.08)
	颌针鱼目	2(4.26)	2(2.47)	2(2.08)
	鲻形目	2(4.26)	3(3.70)	4(4.17)
	鲈形目	25(53.19)	45(55.56)	57(59.38)
	鲉形目	3(6.38)	6(7.41)	6(6.25)
	鲀形目	2(4.26)	4(4.94)	4(4.17)
	鲽形目	3(6.38)	5(6.17)	5(5.21)
	合鳃鱼目	1(2.13)	1(1.23)	1(1.04)
总计		47	81	96

区域	Shannon-Wiener 指数	Pielou 指数	种类丰富度指数	种类总数	个体总数
QO-1	3.6009	0.9143	8.8908	55	591
QO-2	2.9817	0.8234	6.6373	32	248
QO-3	2.9800	0.8848	5.7782	38	342
平均值	3.1875	0.8742	7.1021	96	1181