热带海洋学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 72-86.doi: 10.11978/2023081CSTR: 32234.14.2023081

• 海洋生物学 • 上一篇    下一篇

海南临高红牌—马袅沿岸海域造礁石珊瑚群落结构及其环境影响因子

罗勇1,2,3(), 黄林韬1,4, 杨剑辉1, 练健生1,2,3, 刘骋跃1,2,3, 江雷1,2,3, 梁宇娴1, 陈伦举1, 雷新明1,2,3, 刘胜1,2,3, 黄晖1,2,3()   

  1. 1.中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东 广州 510301
    2.三亚海洋科学综合(联合)实验室, 海南省热带海洋生物技术重点实验室, 三亚海洋生态环境与工程研究院, 海南 三亚 572000
    3.海南三亚海洋生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站; 中国科学院海南热带海洋生物实验站, 海南 三亚 572000
    4.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-15 修回日期:2023-07-22 出版日期:2024-05-10 发布日期:2024-06-04
  • 作者简介:

    罗勇(1991—), 男, 贵州省遵义市人, 助理研究员, 研究方向为珊瑚礁生态学。email:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41976120); 国家自然科学基金项目(42276124); 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC31005001); 海南省自然科学基金项目(423MS130)

Community structure of reef-building corals and their environmental impact factors in the coastal waters of Hongpai-Maniao, Lingao, Hainan

LUO Yong1,2,3(), HUANG Lintao1,4, YANG Jianhui1, LIAN Jiansheng1,2,3, LIU Chengyue1,2,3, JIANG Lei1,2,3, LIANG Yuxian1, CHEN Lunju1, LEI Xinming1,2,3, LIU Sheng1,2,3, HUANG Hui1,2,3()   

  1. 1. Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Guangzhou 510301, China
    2. CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, SCSIO, Sanya 572000, China
    3. Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station; Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
    4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2023-06-15 Revised:2023-07-22 Online:2024-05-10 Published:2024-06-04
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(41976120); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42276124); National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFC31005001); Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(423MS130)

摘要:

为查明海南临高红牌—马袅沿岸海域造礁石珊瑚群落结构及其环境因子, 于2023年3月18—23日对该区域开展造礁石珊瑚群落、底质类型、悬浮物沉降速率和水环境因子调查。结果显示: (1)本区域造礁石珊瑚共鉴定13科24属42种和7未定种, 其覆盖率均值为(18.05±10.53)%, 集中分布在水深1.0~2.5m; (2)造礁石珊瑚优势种以团块状或皮壳状生长型为主, 死造礁石珊瑚覆盖率(>2年)与活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率、Shannon多样性指数呈显著负相关, 而Shannon多样性指数与Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数呈显著正相关, 这表明伴随造礁石珊瑚的死亡, 其覆盖率和物种多样性显著降低; (3)死造礁石珊瑚覆盖率与砂质底覆盖率呈显著正相关, 而与pH呈显著负相关; Pielou均匀度指数与溶解氧和悬浮物沉积物速率呈显著负相关性; 水体浊度与光合有效辐射漫衰减系数Kd-PAR (diffuse attenuation coefficient of the photosynthetically active radiation)呈显著正相关, 且其均值(3.81±1.10)NTU(nephelometric turbidity unit)已超过影响造礁石珊瑚生长的胁迫阈值(3NTU)。这些结果表明, 海底砂质覆盖率、悬浮物沉降速率、浊度、pH、溶解氧和Kd-PAR等是影响该海域造礁石珊瑚群落结构的重要环境因子。综上, 临高红牌—马袅沿岸海域是造礁石珊瑚分布热点之一, 具有较高物种多样性和覆盖率。然而, 该区域造礁石珊瑚垂直分布范围较窄, 且正面临多重环境因子胁迫, 需要采取有效措施进行及时保护。

关键词: 临高, 造礁石珊瑚, 群落结构, 环境因子, 影响

Abstract:

To identify the community structure of reef-building corals and their environmental factors in the coastal waters of Hongpai-Maniao, Lingao, Hainan, a survey on the reef-building coral communities, substrate types, sediment accumulation rates and water environmental factors was conducted in the region from 18th to 23th March, 2023. The results showed that: 1) reef-building corals in the region were identified with 42 species in 24 genera of 13 families and 7 undetermined species, with a mean cover of (18.05±10.53)%, concentrated at water depths of 1.0~2.5m; 2) the dominant species of reef-building corals were predominantly massive or encrusting growth types, and dead reef-building coral cover (> 2 years old) was significantly negatively correlated with live reef-building coral cover and Shannon's diversity index, while Shannon's diversity index was significantly positively correlated with Simpson's dominance index and Pielou's evenness index, indicating that the death of reef-building corals was accompanied by a significant reduction in their cover and species diversity; 3) dead reef-building coral cover was significantly positively correlated with sand cover and negatively correlated with pH; the Pielou's evenness index was significantly negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen and sediment accumulation rates; water turbidity was significantly positively correlated with the diffuse attenuation coefficient of the photosynthetically active radiation (Kd-PAR) and its mean value (3.81±1.10) NTU (nephelometric turbidity unit) already exceeded the stress threshold of 3NTU affecting the growth of reef-building corals. These results demonstrate that benthic sand cover, sedimentation rate, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen and Kd-PAR are important environmental factors affecting the structure of reef-building coral communities in this area. In summary, the coastal waters of Lingao Hongpai-Maniao is one of the hotspots for the distribution of reef-building corals, with high species diversity and cover. However, the vertical distribution of reef-building corals in this region is narrow and is under stress from multiple environmental factors, requiring effective measures for timely protection.

Key words: Lingao, reef-building corals, community structure, environmental factors, impacts