南海东北部深海盆末次冰盛期以来陆源碎屑粒度特征及影响因素*

doi:10.11978/2021027

热带海洋学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 158-170.doi: 10.11978/2021027CSTR: 32234.14.2021027

南海东北部深海盆末次冰盛期以来陆源碎屑粒度特征及影响因素^*

王雪松^1,^3,⁴(), 陈忠²(), 许安涛⁵, 田雨杭^1,^2,⁴, 曹立^1,^3,⁴, 张斌^1,^2,^3,⁴

1. 中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室, 南海海洋研究所, 南海生态环境工程创新研究院, 广东广州 510301
2. 三亚中科海洋研究院, 海南三亚 572024
3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
4. 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州), 广东广州 511458
5. 亥姆霍兹基尔海洋研究中心, 德国基尔 24148

收稿日期:2021-02-26 修回日期:2021-04-20 出版日期:2022-01-10 发布日期:2021-04-29
通讯作者: 陈忠
作者简介:王雪松(1995—), 男, 河南周口人, 硕士研究生, 主要从事海洋沉积过程及环境变化研究。email: wangxuesong18@mails.ucas. ac.cn
基金资助:
三亚崖州湾科技城管理局2020年度科技计划项目(SKJC-2020-01-012);国家自然科学基金项目(41976065);国家自然科学基金项目(41776061);广州市“珠江科技新星”(201906010050);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0104)

Grain size characteristics and influencing factors of terrigenous sediment in the deep-sea basin of the northeastern South China Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum

WANG Xuesong^1,^3,⁴(), CHEN Zhong²(), XU Antao⁵, TIAN Yuhang^1,^2,⁴, CAO Li^1,^3,⁴, ZHANG Bin^1,^2,^3,⁴

1. Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2. Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Sanya 572024, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
5. Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel 24148, Germany

Received:2021-02-26 Revised:2021-04-20 Online:2022-01-10 Published:2021-04-29
Contact: CHEN Zhong
Supported by:
The 2020 Research Program of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(SKJC-2020-01-012);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41976065);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41776061);Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou(201906010050);Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0104)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南海东北部深海盆底流演变受多种因素控制, 但目前对末次冰盛期以来底流的敏感指标、演变过程及其控制因素还缺乏深入认识。本文选取南海东北部深水区16ZBS11岩心开展陆源碎屑粒度测试和年龄测定, 通过粒级-标准偏差法提取环境敏感因子, 并计算底流强度及搬运能力。研究结果表明, 研究区陆源碎屑主要由粉砂和粘土组成, 砂组分仅在部分层位出现。南海东北部深海沉积环境经历了3个演化阶段, 第Ⅰ阶段为22.39~16.02ka BP, 第Ⅱ阶段为16.02~9.58ka BP, 第Ⅲ阶段为9.58ka BP至今, 各阶段粘土和粉砂组分均呈反相演变过程。海平面变化是深海沉积和海洋过程的重要影响因素, 末次冰盛期以来南海东北部深海盆底流强度和搬运能力逐渐减弱并呈同步变化, 16ka BP、11.5ka BP后南海分别与印度洋、台湾海峡连通, 影响了南海北部的海洋过程。特别是9.58ka BP以来南海北部海洋混合方式和强度的改变, 深刻影响着深海陆源碎屑的输运及沉积演化。本文研究结果为深入认识南海北部底流活动演变和南海深海过程提供了新证据。

关键词: 陆源碎屑, 深海盆, 粒级-标准偏差, 底流强度, 南海东北部

Abstract:

A number of factors control the evolution of deep-sea currents in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS), but there is still a lack of deep understanding of sensitive indicators, evolution processes and controlling factors of the bottom currents since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We selected the 16ZBS11 core in the deep-sea basin of ??the northeastern SCS to analyze the grain size and age of the terrigenous sediment. The environmental sensitivity factors were extracted by the grain size-standard deviation method; at the same time, the bottom current intensity and transport capacity were calculated. Our results show that the terrigenous debris in the study area are mainly composed of silt and clay; sandy components only appear in a few layers. The deep-sea sedimentary environment evolution in the northern SCS has gone through three stages: stage Ⅰ: 22.39~16.02 ka BP; stage Ⅱ: 16.02~9.58 ka BP; stage Ⅲ: 9.58 ka BP to present. Interestingly, the components of clay and silt in each evolution stage evoluted in reverse phase. The intensity and transport capacity of the bottom current have decreased gradually since the LGM and changed synchronously. At about 16 ka BP and 11.5 ka BP, the SCS was connected with the Indian Ocean and the Taiwan Strait, respectively, which affected the oceanic processes in the northern SCS. In particular, the changes of mixing patterns and intensities in the northern SCS since 9.58ka BP, profoundly affected the deep-sea terrigenous sediment transport and sedimentary evolution. Our results provide a new understanding of the evolution of bottom current activities in the northern SCS, and new evidence for deep-sea processes in the SCS.

Key words: terrigenous debris, deep-sea basin, grade-standard deviation, bottom-current intensity, northeastern South China Sea

中图分类号:

P736.21

王雪松, 陈忠, 许安涛, 田雨杭, 曹立, 张斌. 南海东北部深海盆末次冰盛期以来陆源碎屑粒度特征及影响因素^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2022, 41(1): 158-170.

WANG Xuesong, CHEN Zhong, XU Antao, TIAN Yuhang, CAO Li, ZHANG Bin. Grain size characteristics and influencing factors of terrigenous sediment in the deep-sea basin of the northeastern South China Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(1): 158-170.

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层位/cm	测试材料	AMS¹⁴C年龄 /a BP	校正年龄 /Cal. a BP	年龄范围 /a BP( ±1σ)
9~10	有孔虫混合种	2290±30	1726	1567~1877
59~60	有孔虫混合种	7080±30	7385	7247~7518
161~162	有孔虫混合种	12920±40	14603	14299~14882
279~280	有孔虫混合种	17170±50	19825	19554~20089

		砂/%	粉砂/%	粘土/%	平均粒径/μm	中值粒径/μm	偏态值SK_I	峰态值K_G	分选系数σ_i
阶段Ⅰ	最大值	1.45	70.84	35.58	6.42	6.69	-0.06	1.14	1.43
	最小值	0.00	64.42	28.99	5.24	5.40	-0.12	1.09	1.23
	平均值	0.31	67.13	32.59	5.78	6.01	-0.10	1.11	1.36
阶段Ⅱ	最大值	1.63	67.44	41.73	5.87	6.07	-0.04	1.15	1.42
	最小值	0.00	58.28	32.24	4.43	4.69	-0.16	1.08	1.16
	平均值	0.31	62.76	37.12	5.06	5.28	-0.11	1.11	1.27
阶段Ⅲ	最大值	0.81	64.48	42.24	5.45	5.65	-0.07	1.15	1.37
	最小值	0.00	57.76	34.75	4.40	4.65	-0.15	1.09	1.15
	平均值	0.10	61.68	38.27	4.85	5.09	-0.12	1.11	1.23

南海东北部深海盆末次冰盛期以来陆源碎屑粒度特征及影响因素^*

Grain size characteristics and influencing factors of terrigenous sediment in the deep-sea basin of the northeastern South China Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum

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