南科1井第四系暴露面特征及其与海平面变化的关系*

doi:10.11978/2021013

热带海洋学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 143-157.doi: 10.11978/2021013CSTR: 32234.14.2021013

南科1井第四系暴露面特征及其与海平面变化的关系^*

罗云^1,^2,³(), 黎刚^1,²(), 徐维海^1,², 程俊^1,^2,³, 刘建国^1,², 颜文^1,^2,³()

1. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室, 中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院, 广东广州 510301
2. 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州), 广东广州 511458
3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-02-02 修回日期:2021-05-13 出版日期:2022-01-10 发布日期:2021-05-21
通讯作者: 黎刚,颜文
作者简介:罗云(1992—), 河南信阳市人, 博士研究生, 主要从事珊瑚礁碳酸盐岩研究。email: luoyun115@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA13010102);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0206);国家自然科学基金(41976063);国家自然科学基金(41976062);国家自然科学基金(41676031)

Characteristics of Quaternary exposure surfaces in Well Nanke-1 and their relationship with sea-level changes

LUO Yun^1,^2,³(), LI Gang^1,²(), XU Weihai^1,², CHENG Jun^1,^2,³, LIU Jianguo^1,², YAN Wen^1,^2,³()

1. Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-02-02 Revised:2021-05-13 Online:2022-01-10 Published:2021-05-21
Contact: LI Gang,YAN Wen
Supported by:
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA13010102);Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0206);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41976063);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41976062);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41676031)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

珊瑚礁地层中的暴露面是海平面变化的忠实记录, 对地层层序的划分和研究珊瑚礁体的生长发育过程具有重要意义。本文基于手标本观察与薄片鉴定、碳氧同位素和矿物组成分析, 识别了南沙美济岛南科1井第四纪生物礁碳酸盐岩地层中的典型暴露面, 剖析了主要暴露面与海平面变化及珊瑚礁发育演化的关系。在南科1井(NK-1)第四纪地层中典型暴露面附近以出现大量溶蚀孔穴和红褐色或锈黄色钙质结核为特征, 其碳氧同位素偏负, 并富集Al、Th、Fe和稀土元素, 具有典型碳酸盐岩风化壳的特征。南科1井全新世礁体发育在晚更新世暴露面之上, AMS¹⁴C和U-Th年龄数据证实美济岛全新世珊瑚礁生长时段与南海其他珊瑚岛礁一致, 主要发育在8.2~4.7ka时期, 该时段海平面的缓慢上升为珊瑚礁连续垂向生长提供了有利环境。Sr同位素和古地磁年龄标定的南科1井更新世地层中的主要暴露面时代与南沙永暑礁和西沙群岛珊瑚礁地层中的暴露面时代基本一致, 主要暴露面对应于全球第四纪低海平面时期。

关键词: 南科1井, 暴露面, 海平面, 礁体演化, 南海

Abstract:

Exposure surfaces in shallow-water carbonates are considered to be the faithful archive of paleo sea-level fluctuations, which are important for studying carbonate sequences and development of coral islands. Based on core observations, thin section identifications, and analyses of stable isotopes and mineral compositions, we identified nine main exposure surfaces in the Quaternary reef carbonates from a deep borehole “Well Nanke-1” (NK-1) drilled on Meiji Island, and we discussed their relationship with sea-level change and coral reef evolution in the South China Sea. Exposure surfaces in the Quaternary reef carbonates in Well NK-1 are characterized by heavily dissolved cavities and rich calcareous nodules with reddish-brown or yellowish colors. Weathered carbonates around most exposure surfaces have negative carbon and oxygen isotopes, and higher contents of Al, Th, Fe, and rare earth elements. The AMS¹⁴C and U-Th age data confirm that the Holocene coral reefs have developed during 8.2~4.7 ka on Meiji Island; and its growth period is consistent with that of other coral reefs in the South China Sea. The slow rise in sea level provided a favorable environment for the vertical growth of most coral reefs. Most exposure surfaces within Pleistocene stratum of Well NK-1 correspond to low sea-level stages, and the dated ages of these exposure surfaces by Sr isotopes and paleomagnetic studies are consistent with the records from the Xisha Islands and Yongshu Island.

Key words: Well Nanke-1, exposure surface, sea level, reef evolution, South China Sea

中图分类号:

P736.2

罗云, 黎刚, 徐维海, 程俊, 刘建国, 颜文. 南科1井第四系暴露面特征及其与海平面变化的关系^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2022, 41(1): 143-157.

LUO Yun, LI Gang, XU Weihai, CHENG Jun, LIU Jianguo, YAN Wen. Characteristics of Quaternary exposure surfaces in Well Nanke-1 and their relationship with sea-level changes[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(1): 143-157.

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样品编号	深度/m	测试材料	AMS¹⁴C年龄/a BP	校正年龄/cal. a BP
NK-A5	8.3	同孔珊瑚属	5040±30	5386
NK-A13	12.8	扁脑珊瑚属	6070±30	6490
NK-A14	14.7	角蜂巢珊瑚属	6840±30	7362
NK-A20	17.8	鹿角珊瑚属	7480±30	7941
NK-A22	18.3	鹿角珊瑚属	7520±30	7974
NK-A24	19.4	角蜂巢珊瑚属	7740±30	8215

样品编号	深度/m	U/ppm	²³²Th/ppb	(²³⁰Th/²³²Th)	(²³⁰Th/²³⁸U)	(²³⁴U/²³⁸U)	²³⁰Th年龄/a		日历年龄/ a BP	δ²³⁴U
样品编号	深度/m	U/ppm	²³²Th/ppb	(²³⁰Th/²³²Th)	(²³⁰Th/²³⁸U)	(²³⁴U/²³⁸U)	未校正	校正	日历年龄/ a BP	δ²³⁴U
U-Th-01	5.1	2.5862±0.0013	0.251±0.001	1547.46±6.62	0.0495±0.0002	1.1472±0.0013	4807±17	4804±17	4735	147.2±1.3
U-Th-02	7.2	3.1834±0.0015	1.666±0.011	315.15±2.90	0.0544±0.0004	1.1447±0.0013	5299±36	5286±36	5217	144.7±1.3
U-Th-03	7.5	2.8472±0.0008	1.620±0.003	290.52±2.12	0.0545±0.0004	1.1450±0.0010	5311±38	5296±39	5227	145.0±1.0
U-Th-04	10.8	2.8481±0.0011	7.352±0.013	66.37±0.40	0.0565±0.0003	1.1449±0.0009	5509±33	5442±46	5373	144.9±0.9
U-Th-05	19.0	2.5728±0.0011	0.424±0.001	1530.45±8.47	0.0831±0.0004	1.1446±0.0015	8203±43	8198±43	8129	144.6±1.5

样品编号	深度/m	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	2σ	平均年龄/Ma
NK1-Sr-01	30.9	0.709183	0.000008	0.07
NK1-Sr-02	40.5	0.709171	0.000009	0.13
NK1-Sr-03	48.0	0.709163	0.000010	0.40
NK1-Sr-04	56.5	0.709160	0.000009	0.49
NK1-Sr-05	61.2	0.709153	0.000009	0.65
NK1-Sr-06	65.3	0.709140	0.000009	1.00
NK1-Sr-07	70.2	0.709126	0.000009	1.20
NK1-Sr-08	85.6	0.709118	0.000008	1.29
NK1-Sr-09	89.8	0.709117	0.000011	1.30
NK1-Sr-10	109.9	0.709105	0.000009	1.45
NK1-Sr-11	118.1	0.709100	0.000009	1.55
NK1-Sr-12	123.1	0.709130	0.000009	1.63
NK1-Sr-13	125.3	0.709123	0.000008	1.65
NK1-Sr-14	125.8	0.709140	0.000009	1.67
NK1-Sr-15	130.2	0.709141	0.000010	1.70
NK1-Sr-16	138.1	0.709130	0.000009	1.71
NK1-Sr-17	143.6	0.709111	0.000011	1.80
NK1-Sr-18	163.6	0.709086	0.000008	1.87
NK1-Sr-19	178.2	0.709070	0.000009	2.15
NK1-Sr-20	187.9	0.709072	0.000009	2.35
NK1-Sr-21	200.5	0.709068	0.000010	2.40
NK1-Sr-22	204.2	0.709064	0.000009	2.45
NK1-Sr-23	210.2	0.709057	0.000010	2.50
NK1-Sr-24	222.0	0.709063	0.000011	2.55

南科1井第四系暴露面特征及其与海平面变化的关系^*

Characteristics of Quaternary exposure surfaces in Well Nanke-1 and their relationship with sea-level changes

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