斑节对虾3个野生群体遗传多样性的微卫星标记分析

doi:10.11978/2017084

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同地理条件下斑节对虾天然群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化水平, 选用14对简单重复序列(simple sequence repeat, SSR)特异引物对广东湛江、海南三亚、海南琼海的斑节对虾天然群体共计90尾个体进行微卫星标记分析, 每对引物检测出的等位基因数为2~4不等, 平均2.7。3个群体(湛江、三亚、琼海)平均有效等位基因分别为1.9081、1.9715和2.0185, 平均多态信息含量分别为0.3864、0.3926和0.4078, 总的平均期望杂合度(0.4605 )明显高于观测杂合度(0.4046), 表明3个群体遗传多样性水平为中等, 且存在杂合度缺失的现象。种群分化指数和遗传距离分析表明, 在不同群体间已产生了遗传分化, 但是分化较小; 三亚群体和琼海群体之间的亲缘关系最近, 而与湛江群体的亲缘关系最远。分子方差分析表明, 群体间的遗传变异指数为8%, 群体内个体间的遗传变异指数为92%, 基因分化主要发生在群体内, 而不是群体之间。

关键词: 斑节对虾, 微卫星标记, 群体, 遗传多样性, 遗传分化

Abstract:

Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation among 90 individuals of Penaeus monodon from three wild populations (Zhanjiang, Sanya, and Qionghai) were investigated by using 14 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) specific primers. The number of alleles detected by each pair of primers ranged from 2 to 4, with the average of 2.7. The mean polymorphism information contents of the three populations were 0.3864, 0.3926, and 0.4078, respectively; and the mean effective numbers of alleles were 1.9081, 1.9715 and 2.0185, respectively. The average expected heterozygosity (0.4605) of the three populations was significantly higher than the observed heterozygosity (0.40469), indicating moderate polymorphism and the existence of heterozygosity deficiency among the three populations. The results of genetic distances and genetic similarity showed that the genetic differentiation among the three populations was low; genetic variation occurred mainly within populations, not among populations. The genetic relationship of Sanya and Qionghai populations was the closest, while that of Sanya and Zhanjiang populations was the farthest. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most of the genetic variation resided within populations (92%), and less, among populations (8%), suggesting rich genetic diversity level within populations.

Key words: Penaeus monodon, microsatellite marker, population, genetic diversity, genetic differentiation

赵志英, 梁丽运, 白丽蓉. 斑节对虾3个野生群体遗传多样性的微卫星标记分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2018, 37(3): 65-72.

Zhiying ZHAO, Liyun LIANG, Lirong BAI. Analysis of genetic diversity among three wild populations of Penaeus monodon using microsatellite marker[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(3): 65-72.

图/表 10

表1

表2

表3

斑节对虾3个地理群体(琼海/三亚/湛江)的遗传变异"

位点	等位基因数	有效等位基因数	观察杂合度	期望杂合度	HW平衡偏离指数	HW 平衡检测	多态信息含量
DTLPM120	4/4/4	2.4064/2.8169/2.4226	1.000/0.9333/0.9333	0.5844/0.6450/0.5872	0.7111/0.4470/0.5894	//*	0.5804/0.6352/0.5842
TUZXPM49	3/3/3	2.1871/2.0737/2.0619	0.4667/0.6667/0.4000	0.5428/0.5178/0.5150	-0.1402/0.2876/-0.2233	ns/ns/ns	0.4212/0.4162/0.3985
PM1713	2/2/2	1.6423/1.8349/1.6423	0.2667/0.5667/0.4667	0.3911/0.4550/0.3911	-0.3181/0.2455/0.1933	ns/ns/ns	0.3146/0.3515/0.3146
BC52	2/2/2	1.7630/1.9459/1.1421	0.5667/0.3667/0.1333	0.4328/0.4861/0.1244	0.3094/-0.2456/-0.0715	ns/ns/ns	0.3391/0.3668/0.1168
DTLPM402	3/3/3	1.7425/2.9221/2.7607	0.3333/0.3000/0.4000	0.4261/0.6578/0.6378	-0.2178/-0.5439/-0.3728	ns/*/	0.4013/0.5995/0.6043
DTLPM303	3/3/3	2.9412/2.0955/2.2032	0.5000/0.6333/0.4000	0.6600/0.5228/0.5461	-0.2424/0.2114/-0.2675	ns/ns/ns	0.51/0.5162/0.5439
DTLPM104	3/3/3	1.8927/1.5693/1.9846	0.4667/0.4333/0.4667	0.4717/0.3628/0.4961	-0.011/0.1943/-0.0593	ns/ns/ns	0.4146/0.3338/0.4137
DTLPM218	2/2/2	1.8349/1.9912/1.8967	0.4333/0.4667/0.2333	0.4550/0.4978/0.4728	-0.0478/-0.0625/-0.5066	ns/ns/**	0.3515/0.3739/0.3857
PM528	3/3/3	2.4557/2.1251/2.5316	0.4000/0.3000/0.4333	0.5928/0.5294/0.6050	-0.3252/-0.4333/-0.2838	/*/ns	0.5231/0.4738/0.5365
PM205	2/2/2	1.8967/1.8967/1.8000	0.3667/0.6333/0.6000	0.4728/0.4728/0.4444	-0.2244/0.3395/0.3501	ns/ns/ns	0.3610/0.3610/0.3457
PM138	3/2/3	1.8499/1.1421/1.4107	0.4333/0.0000/0.1333	0.4594/0.1244/0.2911	-0.0568/-1.000/-0.5421	ns//	0.3902/0.1168/0.2711
PM3852	3/3/3	2.3226/2.0666/2.1127	0.3667/0.2333/0.2333	0.5694/0.5161/0.5267	-0.3559/-0.5480/-0.5571	//*	0.5025/0.4642/0.4688
PM2345	3/2/3	1.3148/1.1421/1.1443	0.1667/0.0667/0.0667	0.2394/0.1244/0.1261	-0.3037/-0.4638/-0.4711	*//**	0.2252/0.1168/0.1213
PM4793	2/2/2	1.9978/1.9651/1.6000	0.1000/0.5333/0.2333	0.4994/0.4911/0.3750	-0.7998/0.0860/-0.3787	*/ns/	0.3747/0.3705/0.3047
平均	2.7143/ 2.5714/ 2.7143	2.0185/1.9715/1.9081	0.4214/0.4357/0.3667	0.4857/0.4575/0.4385	-0.2926/-0.2809/-0.2817	ns/ns/ns	0.4078/0.3926/0.3864

表3

图1

图2

表4

表5

表6

表7

图3

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微卫星位点	GenBank序列号	引物序列(5′-3′)	退火温度/℃
DTLPM218	AY 189727	F: ATTCCGCAATATATCGGTTTCC	57
DTLPM218	AY 189727	R: AATGTTTCCATTTCATGCTTCG	57
DTLPM303	AY 188984	F: TGCCTTGTATTTTGACGATCAG	56
DTLPM303	AY 188984	R: TTGGAGTAGCAACAGCGGTA	56
DTLPM402	AY 188987	F: CCACTCTAACTCCGCCAGTC	54
DTLPM402	AY 188987	R: TCCCTACCCCACTATCATCG	54
DTLPM 120	AY188978	F: TTATCCGTATAGCCGCGTTATC	52
DTLPM 120	AY188978	R: TTACAGGACCTGCATTTGTGTC	52
DTLPM 104	AY188974	F: AGGACCTGCATTTGTGTCG	52
DTLPM 104	AY188974	R: ATGGCGAGACAAGGTTCG	52
BC52	AF097631	F: AAGCAGATAGACCGTCAG	52
BC52	AF097631	R: AATCCTGCAGAGCAATAC	52
TUZXPM49	AF077568	F: ATCTGACAGGGCACCATAC	54
TUZXPM49	AF077568	R: AGTCGAGTCTTGAATAAGCG	54
PM138	P1-AY500853	F: ACGGAGTGGGTAGAGACATA	56
PM138	P1-AY500853	R: ACAAGCGAAGTGAAGAGG	56
PM205	AY500854	F: AGGAATGATGGGAGGGAAAG	56
PM205	AY500854	R: AAGCTCAGGCAAGCGTGTAT	56
PM528	AY500855	F: GTGTTATTTTCCACGGGTGC	56
PM528	AY500855	R: GCTGCAGGAAGTGTAGGGAG	56
PM1713	AY500858	F: GTTGCGACGGGTTGATTC	54
PM1713	AY500858	R: TTTATGGCTATGGCTGACAC	54
PM2345	AY500860	F: GATATTTCAAGGAATGCTCG	54
PM2345	AY500860	R: TAATTCGTGCCTTACCTCAT	54
PM3852	AY500862	F: TAATGGGCGTAAGTCTTCGG	56
PM3852	AY500862	R: TGAAAGGAGTCGGGATATGC	56
PM4793	AY500867	F: CTTCTAGCGCCATTTCAAGG	56
PM4793	AY500867	R: TCCTTCCAGTGTTCGGAGTT	56

微卫星位点	近交系数	遗传分化系数	基因流	微卫星位点	近交系数	遗传分化系数	基因流
DTLPM120	-0.5780	0.0219	11.1477	DTLPM402	0.4197	0.0887	2.5679
TUZXPM49	0.0070	0.0079	31.3235	DTLPM218	0.2050	0.0496	4.7873
PM1713	-0.0507	0.0074	33.4050	DTLPM303	0.1131	0.0438	5.4533
BC52	-0.0224	0.2038	0.9768	DTLPM104	-0.0271	0.0442	5.4104
PM528	0.3438	0.0165	14.9471	PM3852	0.4831	0.0047	53.0854
PM205	-0.1511	0.0024	104.2500	PM2345	0.3878	0.0142	17.4079
PM138	0.3524	0.0612	3.8352	PM4793	0.3653	0.0732	3.1675
平均	0.1143	0.0456	5.2321

变异来源	自由度	平方和	方差组成	变异百分比/%
群体间	2	55.389	0.677	8
群体内	87	641.800	7.377	92
合计	89	697.189	8.054	100