基于高频地波雷达资料的海南中东部近海表层海流特征

doi:10.11978/2020044

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用海南中东部近海海域高频地波雷达观测得到的2019年4月—2020年3月表层海流资料进行潮流调和分析和余流分析。结果表明: 海南中东部近海海域以不规则半日潮流为主, 半日分潮M₂和S₂以往复流为主, 全日分潮O₁、K₁以顺时针旋转流为主, M₂、S₂、O₁、K₁分潮最大潮流流速的比为1 : 0.51 : 0.60 : 0.65, M₂为最主要分潮。最大可能潮流流速分布从西南方向向东北方向逐步增大, 最大值为35cm·s^-1。余流受东亚季风影响较大, 季节变化特征显著, 呈夏季形态(6月—8月)、冬季形态(9月—次年2月)和过渡形态(3月—5月)。夏季形态流向东北, 平均流速29cm·s^-1; 冬季形态持续时间最长, 流向西南, 平均流速36cm·s^-1, 大于夏季形态; 过渡形态为冬季形态向夏季形态的转变期, 流向分布较复杂, 平均流速13cm·s^-1, 明显小于夏季和冬季形态。从全年来看, 西南向流动的时间最长、流速最大, 海南中东部表层海水物质输运自东北向西南。

关键词: 高频地波雷达, 表层海流, 潮流, 余流

Abstract:

Based on ocean surface currents observed by the High Frequency Ground Wave Radars (HFSWRs) from April 2019 to May 2020, the characteristics of tidal and residual currents in the central eastern sea area of Hainan Island were studied. The results show that the tide in the central eastern sea area of Hainan Island mainly belongs to the irregular semidiurnal tide. The movements of the semidiurnal tidal currents M₂ and S₂ are mainly in the form of reciprocating current, and the movements of the diurnal tidal currents O₁ and K₁ are mainly the form of clockwise rotary current. The spatially averaged amplitudes of M₂, S₂, O₁, and K₁ have a ratio of 1 : 0.51 : 0.60 : 0.65; and the semidiurnal tidal current M₂is dominant among the four tidal current constituents. The probable maximum current velocities increase gradually from southwest to northeast, and the maximum is 35 cm·s^-1. Due to the influence of the East Asian monsoon, the residual currents have significant seasonal variation, with summer (from June to August), winter (from September to February of the following year) and transitional (from March to May) types. For the summer type, the directions of the residual currents are basically northeast, and the average velocity is 29 cm·s^-1. The residual currents of the winter type flow toward the southwest, and the average velocity is 36 cm·s^-1. Note that the residual currents of the winter type are greater than those of the summer type. The residual currents of the transitional type have complex directions, and the average velocity of 13 cm·s^-1. Overall, the southwest residual currents have the largest velocity and last the longest time during the year, and therefore the material transport in surface sea water is from northeast to southwest in the central eastern sea area of Hainan Island.

Key words: high frequency surface wave radar, surface current, tidal current, residual current

中图分类号:

P731.23

周旋, 李自强, 安玉柱, 张耀文, 杨晓峰. 基于高频地波雷达资料的海南中东部近海表层海流特征[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(2): 103-111.

ZHOU Xuan, LI Ziqiang, AN Yuzhu, ZHANG Yaowen, YANG Xiaofeng. Surface current characteristics in the central eastern sea area of Hainan Island detected by high-frequency surface wave radar[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021, 40(2): 103-111.

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