不同路径台风对中国近海海温的影响特征统计分析

doi:10.11978/2023141

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文章基于中国气象局提供的最佳台风路径资料, 基于K均值聚类分析法将2002年至2021年由西太暖池进入中国近海的台风分为3类, 并依据台风路径特征将3类台风分别命名为西行路径台风、西北路径台风和转向路径台风, 并使用遥感系统(remote sensing systems, REMSS)提供的海表面温度最优插值日产品和区域海气浪耦合模型(coupled ocean atmosphere wave sediment transport modeling system, COAWST)的模拟结果, 对这3类台风造成的上层海洋温度的变化特征进行统计研究。结果显示, 3种台风对海表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST)影响特征的不同主要体现在对SST的冷却幅度和作用时间上: 转向路径台风对SST的冷却幅度最大并且作用时间最长, 西北路径台风次之, 而西行路径台风冷却幅度最小且作用时间最短; 3种台风对混合层厚度(mixed layer thickness, MLT)与温跃层厚度(thermocline thickness, TT)影响的差异主要体现在MLT和TT的变化幅度和恢复时间上: 转向路径台风的MLT和TT变化幅度最大, 西北路径台风次之, 西行路径台风最小。对于MLT与TT的恢复速度, 西北路径台风整体上要明显快于西行路径台风和转向路径台风。

关键词: 典型台风路径, 西太暖池, 中国近海, 上层海洋, 海表面温度, 混合层厚度, 温跃层厚度

Abstract:

Based on the best typhoon track data provided by the China Meteorological Administration, according to K-means clustering analysis, typhoons entering the coastal waters of China from the West Pacific Warm Pool from 2002 to 2021 are divided into three types, and the three types are named as westward path typhoon, northwestward path typhoon and turning path typhoon according to typhoon path characteristics. In addition, the optimal daily product of sea surface temperature interpolation provided by remote sensing systems (REMSS) and simulation results of coupled ocean atmosphere wave sediment transport modeling system (COAWST) are used to study the changes of upper ocean temperature caused by these three typhoons with different path. The results show that the influence characteristics of three different typhoon paths on sea surface temperature (SST) are mainly reflected in the cooling amplitude and recover time: the turning typhoon exhibits the largest cooling amplitude and the longest-lasting effect on sea surface temperature, followed by the northwestward typhoon, the westward typhoon has the smallest cooling amplitude and the shortest duration of impact. The difference of three different typhoon paths on the mixed layer thickness (MLT) and thermocline thickness (TT) are mainly reflected in the rangeability of thickness and recovery time: for the rangeability of MLT and TT, the turning typhoon is the largest, followed by the northwestward typhoon, and the westward typhoon is the least. For the recovery speed of MLT and TT, the northwestward typhoon is obviously faster than the westward typhoon and the turning typhoon.

Key words: typical typhoon path, west Pacific warm pool, coastal waters of China, upper ocean, sea surface temperature, mixed layer thickness, thermocline thickness

孙泽铭, 韩树宗, 王明杰, 苏翰祥. 不同路径台风对中国近海海温的影响特征统计分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2024, 43(5): 17-31.

SUN Zeming, HAN Shuzong, WANG Mingjie, SU Hanxiang. Statistical study on the influence of typhoon with different path on the temperature of coastal waters of China[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(5): 17-31.

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	传感器	空间范围	时间范围
MW	TMI, AMSR-E, AMSR2, WindSat, GMI	在2002-06-01之前: 40°S—40°N 在2002-06-01之后: 全球	1998-01-01 至今
MW_IR	MW: TMI, AMSR-E, AMSR2,WindSat, GMI IR: MODIS-Terra, MODIS-Aqua, VIIRS-NPP, VIIRS-N20	全球	2002-06-01 至今

	SST冷却幅度	MLT增大幅度	TT减小幅度
西行路径台风与西北路径台风之间各统计量的差异显著性	0.3226	0.0249	0.0071
西北路径台风与转向路径台风之间各统计量的差异显著性	0.00004250	0.0052	0.00008879
转向路径台风与西行路径台风之间各统计量的差异显著性	0.000002065	0.00001813	0.0000001063

	台风数量/个	海表面的主要降温区间/℃	SST降低幅度/℃		SST平均降低幅度/℃	SST 7d内恢复占比/%	SST变化偏右性异常占比/%
	台风数量/个	海表面的主要降温区间/℃	最大降温幅度	最小降温幅度	SST平均降低幅度/℃	SST 7d内恢复占比/%	SST变化偏右性异常占比/%
西行台风	31	2~5	5.13	1.49	3.2	83.87	29.03
西北台风	25	2~5	5.89	1.79	3.5	56.00	8.00
转向台风	27	3~6	8.95	2.76	4.9	18.52	14.81

	台风数量/个	MLT的主要增加区间/m	MLT增加幅度/m		MLT平均增大幅度/m	MLT 7d内恢复占比/%	MLT变化偏右性异常占比/%
	台风数量/个	MLT的主要增加区间/m	最大加深幅度	最小加深幅度	MLT平均增大幅度/m	MLT 7d内恢复占比/%	MLT变化偏右性异常占比/%
西行台风	31	30~70	87.10	28.05	53.78	58.06	41.94
西北台风	25	50~90	92.03	36.17	65.04	84.00	40.00
转向台风	27	70~100	133.73	34.64	84.74	62.96	37.04

	台风数量/个	TT的主要减少区间/m	TT减少幅度/m		TT平均减小幅度/m	TT 7d内恢复占比/%	TT变化偏右性异常占比/%
	台风数量/个	TT的主要减少区间/m	最大减少幅度	最小减少幅度	TT平均减小幅度/m	TT 7d内恢复占比/%	TT变化偏右性异常占比/%
西行台风	31	50~90	118.50	40.84	74.63	38.71	67.74
西北台风	25	70~120	127.48	60.57	90.36	60.00	64.00
转向台风	27	90~150	180.62	58.42	125.02	37.04	59.26