南海上层海洋次中尺度过程空间差异和季节变化特征

doi:10.11978/2020116

热带海洋学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 10-24.doi: 10.11978/2020116CSTR: 32234.14.2020116

南海上层海洋次中尺度过程空间差异和季节变化特征

杨潇霄¹(), 曹海锦¹(), 经志友²

1.河海大学海洋学院, 江苏南京 210024
2.热带海洋环境国家重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 510301

收稿日期:2020-09-30 修回日期:2021-03-05 出版日期:2021-09-10 发布日期:2021-03-15
通讯作者: 曹海锦
作者简介:杨潇霄(1996—), 男, 江苏省南京市人, 硕士研究生, 从事中小尺度海洋过程研究。email: 181311010026@hhu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0604104);热带海洋环境国家重点实验室(中科院南海海洋研究所)开放课题(LTO1907);中国博士后基金(2018M642148);江苏省博士后科研资助计划项目(2018K149C);国家自然科学基金(41776040);青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋动力与气候功能实验室开放课题(OCFL-201804)

Spatial and seasonal differences of the upper-ocean submesoscale processes in the South China Sea

YANG Xiaoxiao¹(), CAO Haijin¹(), JING Zhiyou²

1. College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Guangzhou 510301, China

Received:2020-09-30 Revised:2021-03-05 Online:2021-09-10 Published:2021-03-15
Contact: CAO Haijin
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0604104);Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography(South China Sea Institute of Oceanology)(LTO1907);Chinese Postdoctoral Foundation(2018M642148);Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(2018K149C);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41776040);Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(OCFL-201804)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南海是西太平洋最大的边缘海, 由于受季风影响显著以及北部海域的黑潮入侵, 其动力环境复杂多变, 次中尺度过程丰富, 且在空间上和时间上存在多变性。文章基于高分辨率数值模式的结果, 通过对次中尺度动力参数的分析, 对比讨论了南海北部、中部、西部和南部海域4个典型子区域上层海洋次中尺度过程的空间差异、季节变化、影响深度、影响因素等问题。研究发现各区域季节性变化特征和机制有所不同: 北部海域受冬季风和黑潮入侵影响, 冬季次中尺度的混合层不稳定较强; 中部海域同样表现为“冬强夏弱”; 西部海域受夏季风影响显著, 夏季次中尺度过程更为活跃; 而南部海域主要受岛屿地形影响较大, 容易产生地形尾涡, 季节性特征不明显。统计分析表明, 次中尺度过程往往表现出强正相对涡度与高应变特征, 在表层更容易出现负位涡, 流体稳定性较差。此外, 文章从能量学角度对次中尺度过程的主要能量来源、控制因素等进行了讨论。

关键词: 南海, 次中尺度, 季节变化, 上层海洋, 空间差异

Abstract:

The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the western Pacific Ocean. Due to the significant monsoons and the impact of the Kuroshio intrusion via the Luzon Strait, the local dynamic environment is complicated. Thus, the submesoscale behaviors in the SCS show clear spatial and temporal differences. In this paper, based on the outputs of a high-resolution numerical model, we examine the spatial and seasonal differences of submesoscale processes, influence depth and possible influencing factors in different sub-regions (the northern SCS, the central SCS basin, the western SCS, and the southern SCS). We find that the seasonal variation and mechanisms in each region is unique: The northern part is affected by the winter monsoon and the intrusion of the Kuroshio obviously, so that the mixed layer instability (MSI) is strong; and the submesoscale processes (SMPs) are active in winter. The SMPs in the central basin also shows stronger in winter and weaker in summer. The enhanced summer SMPs in the western SCS are attributed to the summer monsoon. The multi-island topography in the southern SCS generates great submesoscale wake eddies, which do not show significant seasonality.Statistical analysis shows that submesoscale processes tend to be associated with strong positive relative vorticity and high strain; in contrast, negative values of potential vorticity are more likelyto appear in the surface layer with poor fluid stability. Furthermore, we discuss the main energy sources and control factors of SMPs by analyzing their energetics.

Key words: South China Sea, submesoscale, seasonal variation, upper ocean, spatial difference

中图分类号:

P731.27

杨潇霄, 曹海锦, 经志友. 南海上层海洋次中尺度过程空间差异和季节变化特征[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(5): 10-24.

YANG Xiaoxiao, CAO Haijin, JING Zhiyou. Spatial and seasonal differences of the upper-ocean submesoscale processes in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021, 40(5): 10-24.

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次中尺度特征参量	区域	冬季(12—2月)	春季(3—5月)	夏季(6—8月)	秋季(9—11月)
ζ/f的均方根值在不同季节内的平均值	R1	0.51	0.32	0.21	0.32
	R2	0.41	0.37	0.30	0.30
	R3	0.38	0.33	0.47	0.51
	R4	0.70	0.73	0.70	0.72
δ/f的均方根值在不同季节内的平均值	R1	0.19	0.11	0.07	0.12
	R2	0.13	0.08	0.07	0.07
	R3	0.15	0.09	0.18	0.14
	R4	0.31	0.26	0.26	0.24
S/f在不同季节内的平均值	R1	0.42	0.27	0.19	0.27
	R2	0.34	0.32	0.25	0.25
	R3	0.32	0.29	0.37	0.38
	R4	0.58	0.58	0.57	0.55

南海上层海洋次中尺度过程空间差异和季节变化特征

Spatial and seasonal differences of the upper-ocean submesoscale processes in the South China Sea

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