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热带海洋学报

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基于变分模态分解的涌浪静校正新技术及其在海洋单道地震数据处理中的应用

王强1, 郑昱1, 黎金梅1, 赵明辉2, 3, 4, 张佳政2, 3   

  1. 1. 福建省厦门地质工程勘察院, 海洋地质调查研究所, 福建 厦门 361008;

    2. 中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东 广州 511458;

    3. 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室, 广东 广州511458;

    4. 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院, 北京 100049

  • 收稿日期:2024-11-23 修回日期:2025-01-23 接受日期:2025-02-13
  • 通讯作者: 张佳政
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(42106082)、广东省基金青年提升项目(2024A1515030181)、厦门市建设科技计划项目(XJK2023-1-13)和福建省级地质勘查专项资金项目(GY20210301)

A new swell static correction technique based on variational mode decomposition and its application in marine single-channel seismic data processing

WANG Qiang1, ZHENG Yu1, LI Jinmei1, ZHAO Minghui2, 3, 4, ZHANG Jiazheng2, 3   

  1. 1. Institute of Marine Geological Survey, Fujian Xiamen Institute of Geological Engineering, Xiamen 361008, China;

    2. Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;

    3. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China;

    4. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

  • Received:2024-11-23 Revised:2025-01-23 Accepted:2025-02-13
  • Supported by:

    Natural Science Foundation of China (42106082), The Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2024A1515030181), Construction science and technology project of Xiamen (XJK2023-1-13) and Provincial geological exploration special foundation of Fujian (GY20210301)

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摘要： 海上风、涌浪的存在严重影响高分辨率海洋地震资料的采集质量，而现有的涌浪静校正方法，无论是基于数据自身特征抑或是利用外部信息约束的方法，均有其特定的适用范围与应用局限。基于以上事实，本文提出了一种更具有普适性的基于变分模态分解（VMD）的涌浪静校正技术。首先介绍了VMD的基本原理和涌浪压制的实现步骤，接着对水平层状模型进行了合成数据试算，最后对野外实测资料进行了涌浪压制，并就该方法的可靠性开展了定量计算。结果表明：无论海底地形是简单的平缓起伏还是复杂的崎岖不平，本文VMD方法均能够有效压制涌浪效应引起的同相轴高频抖动、改善能量分散、消除毛刺，使原本混乱模糊的反射层位信息变得清晰、光滑、连续，极大地提高了剖面分辨率及信噪比，有效地提高了后续地层划分及剖面解释精度。

关键词: 涌浪静校正, 变分模态分解（VMD）, 皮尔森相关系数, 信噪比（SNR）, 单道地震

Abstract: The existence of offshore swell affects the quality of high-resolution marine seismic data collection seriously, while the existing swell static correction methods, neither those based on the characteristics of the data itself nor those using external information constraints, have their certain conditions of application. In view of this prevalent phenomenon, a much more universal swell static correction technique was proposed in this paper. After a simple introduction of basic principle and implementation steps, the swell effect of synthetic data of horizontal layered model was calculated subsequently, and swell suppression was carried out utilizing the surveyed data ultimately, meanwhile the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method was quantitatively verified. The results show that whether the seafloor is simply gently-undulated or complicatedly rugged, the phenomena of high frequency jitter and energy dispersion in the reflection event caused by the swell effect can be suppressed effectively based on the method we proposed, which make the original confusing and fuzzy reflector much more clear, smooth and continuous and greatly improves the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic sections, providing convenience for the subsequent stratigraphic division and seismic section interpretation.

Key words: swell static correction, variational mode decomposition (VMD), Pearson correlation coefficient, signal to noise ratio (SNR), single channel seismic