基于变分模态分解的涌浪静校正新技术及其在海洋单道地震数据处理中的应用

doi:10.11978/2024216

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 166-178.doi: 10.11978/2024216CSTR: 32234.14.2024216

基于变分模态分解的涌浪静校正新技术及其在海洋单道地震数据处理中的应用

王强¹(), 郑昱¹, 黎金梅¹, 赵明辉²^,³^,⁴, 张佳政²^,³()

1.福建省厦门地质工程勘察院, 海洋地质调查研究所, 福建厦门 361008
2.中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 510301
3.热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东广州 510301
4.中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-11-23 修回日期:2025-01-23 出版日期:2025-09-10 发布日期:2025-10-14
通讯作者: 张佳政
作者简介:
王强(1987—), 男, 甘肃省定西市人, 博士, 副教授/高级工程师, 硕士研究生导师, 主要从事海洋地球物理、深度学习及地质灾害预警方面的研究。 email: wangqiangjlu@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42106082); 广东省基金青年提升项目(2024A1515030181); 厦门市建设科技计划项目(XJK2023-1-13); 福建省级地质勘查专项资金项目(GY20210301)

A new swell static correction technique based on variational mode decomposition and its application in marine single-channel seismic data processing

WANG Qiang¹(), ZHENG Yu¹, LI Jinmei¹, ZHAO Minghui²^,³^,⁴, ZHANG Jiazheng²^,³()

1. Institute of Marine Geological Survey, Fujian Xiamen Institute of Geological Engineering, Xiamen 361008, China
2. Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
4. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2024-11-23 Revised:2025-01-23 Online:2025-09-10 Published:2025-10-14
Contact: ZHANG Jiazheng
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42106082); Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515030181); Construction Science and Technology Project of Xiamen(XJK2023-1-13); Provincial Geological Exploration Special Foundation of Fujian(GY20210301)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在海洋地震勘探中, 海上风、涌浪的存在严重影响高分辨率海洋地震资料的采集质量, 进而影响数据处理和构造解释。而现有的涌浪静校正方法, 无论是模型道互相关技术、中/均值滤波技术等基于数据自身特征抑或是利用单/多波束水深数据等外部信息约束的方法, 均有其特定的适用范围与应用局限, 因此研究一种简单、快捷、高效的涌浪静校正方法具有十分重要的意义。基于以上事实, 文章提出了基于变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition, VMD)的涌浪静校正技术。首先介绍了VMD的基本原理和涌浪压制的实现步骤, 接着对水平层状模型进行了合成数据试算, 最后对野外实测资料进行了涌浪压制, 并就该方法的可靠性开展了定量计算。结果表明: 无论海底地形是简单的平缓起伏还是复杂的崎岖不平, VMD方法均能够有效压制涌浪效应引起的同相轴高频抖动, 改善能量分散, 消除毛刺, 使原本混乱模糊的反射层位信息变得清晰、光滑、连续, 极大地提高了剖面分辨率及信噪比, 有效地提高了后续地层划分及剖面解释精度。

关键词: 涌浪静校正, 变分模态分解, 皮尔逊相关系数, 信噪比, 单道地震

Abstract:

The presence of offshore swell seriously affects the quality of high-resolution marine seismic data, posing substantial challenges for subsequent processing and geological interpretation. Existing swell static correction methods — whether based on intrinsic data features such as model channel cross-correlation and medium/mean filtering, or externally constrained approaches like single/multi-beam bathymetry — have inherent limitations in their applicability. Therefore, developing a simple, fast, and efficient swell static correction method is of great significance. To address this widespread issue, this paper proposes a more universal swell static correction technique. After briefly introducing its fundamental principles and implementation steps, we first analyze the swell effect on synthetic data from a horizontal layered model, then apply the method to field data for swell suppression. The reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method are quantitatively verified. The results demonstrate that regardless of whether the seafloor exhibit gentle undulations or complex rugged topography, our method effectively suppresses high-frequency jitter and energy dispersion in reflection events caused by swell effects. This enhances reflector clarity, smoothness, and continuity, significantly improving the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of seismic sections. The method thus facilitates subsequent stratigraphic division and seismic interpretation.

Key words: swell static correction, variational mode decomposition (VMD), Pearson correlation coefficient, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), single-channel seismic

中图分类号:

P731.22

王强, 郑昱, 黎金梅, 赵明辉, 张佳政. 基于变分模态分解的涌浪静校正新技术及其在海洋单道地震数据处理中的应用[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(5): 166-178.

WANG Qiang, ZHENG Yu, LI Jinmei, ZHAO Minghui, ZHANG Jiazheng. A new swell static correction technique based on variational mode decomposition and its application in marine single-channel seismic data processing[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(5): 166-178.

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参考文献 36

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[36]	钟广见, 文鹏飞, 罗文造, 等, 2007. 电缆沉放深度对地震资料品质的影响[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 27(6): 131-134.
	ZHONG GUANGJIAN, WEN PENGFEI, LUO WENZAO, et al, 2007. The impact of cable sinking depth on seismic data[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 27(6): 131-134 (in Chinese with English abstract).

K
2	0.0128	-	-	-	-	-	-
3	0.0119	0.0746	-	-	-	-	-
4	0.0114	0.0513	0.0906	-	-	-	-
5	0.0113	0.0505	0.0855	0.1595	-	-	-
6	0.0113	0.0503	0.0763	0.1380	0.1604	-	-
7	0.0112	0.0502	0.0751	0.1192	0.1405	0.1604	-
8	0.0112	0.0501	0.0749	0.1188	0.1400	0.2503	0.1602

基于变分模态分解的涌浪静校正新技术及其在海洋单道地震数据处理中的应用

A new swell static correction technique based on variational mode decomposition and its application in marine single-channel seismic data processing

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