纳氏试剂光度法快速测定海水中氨氮的方法优化

doi:10.11978/2024237

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 201-208.doi: 10.11978/2024237CSTR: 32234.14.2024237

纳氏试剂光度法快速测定海水中氨氮的方法优化

黄春慧¹^,²(), 文畅¹, 夏晴¹, 黄薇薇¹, 王祥光³(), 杨飞¹

1.海南省农林环境过程与生态调控重点实验室, 海南大学环境科学与工程学院, 海南海口 570228
2.海南省辐射环境监测站, 海南海口 571126
3.海南省海洋与渔业科学院, 海南海口 571126

收稿日期:2024-12-22 修回日期:2025-03-09 出版日期:2025-09-10 发布日期:2025-10-14
通讯作者: 王祥光
作者简介:
黄春慧(1992—), 女, 海南省海口市人, 本科毕业, 从事环境样品分析测试工作。email: 841182938@qq.com
基金资助:
海南省重点研发社会发展项目(ZDYF2022SHFZ084); 海南省重点研发高新技术项目(ZDYF2023GXJS165)

Optimization of rapid ammonia nitrogen determination in seawater using Nessler reagent spectrophotometery

HUANG Chunhui¹^,²(), WEN Chang¹, XIA Qing¹, HUANG Weiwei¹, WANG Xiangguang³(), YANG Fei¹

1. Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
2. Hainan Monitoring Station for Radiation Environment, Haikou 571126, China
3. Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou 571126, China

Received:2024-12-22 Revised:2025-03-09 Online:2025-09-10 Published:2025-10-14
Contact: WANG Xiangguang
Supported by:
Key Research and Development Social Development Project of Hainan Province(ZDYF2022SHFZ084); Key Research and Development High tech Project of Hainan Province(ZDYF2023GXJS165)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纳氏试剂光度法测定海水样品中的氨氮时, 样品中复杂的盐类成分会导致显色体系混浊, 给测定带来困难。文章针对不同盐度的海水样品, 通过精确匹配样品盐度和掩蔽剂酒石酸钾钠溶液的质量浓度来消除海水中Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn等离子的干扰, 对纳氏试剂光度法快速测定氨氮进行了优化。结果表明, 1%酒石酸钾钠溶液可用于盐度小于17.3‰的样品中氨氮的测定; 2%酒石酸钾钠溶液可用于盐度4.5‰~34.1‰的样品中氨氮的测定; 方法的线性范围为0.1~8.0mg·L^-1, 检出限为0.03mg·L^-1; 样品加标回收率在96.0%~105.0%之间, 平行样的标准偏差小于3.94%。方法具有操作简单,试剂用量少, 线性范围宽, 灵敏度、精确度、准确度良好, 适用性广的特点。

关键词: 纳氏试剂, 分光光度法, 海水样品, 氨氮, 酒石酸钾钠

Abstract:

The complex salt components in seawater or other saline water may cause turbidity when measuring ammonia nitrogen by Nessler’s reagent colorimetric method. In this study, interference from Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and other ions in seawater was eliminated by precisely matching sample salinity with the dosage of potassium sodium tartrate as a masking agent. The Nessler reagent spectrophotometery for rapid ammonia nitrogen determination was thus optimized. The results indicate that 1% potassium sodium tartrate solution is suitable for ammonia nitrogen determination in samples with salinity below 17.3‰, while 2% potassium sodium tartrate solution can be used for samples with salinity ranging from 4.5‰ to 34.1‰ under experimental conditions. The method’s detection range was 0.1-8.0 mg·L^-1, with a detection limit of 0.03 mg·L^-1. The spiked recovery rates of samples ranged from 96% to 105%, and the standard deviation of parallel samples was less than 3.94%. The method offers simple operation, a wide linear range, good sensitivity and accuracy, and broad applicability.

Key words: Nessler’s reagent, spectrophotometry, seawater samples, ammonia nitrogen, potassium sodium tartrate

中图分类号:

P761.1

黄春慧, 文畅, 夏晴, 黄薇薇, 王祥光, 杨飞. 纳氏试剂光度法快速测定海水中氨氮的方法优化[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(5): 201-208.

HUANG Chunhui, WEN Chang, XIA Qing, HUANG Weiwei, WANG Xiangguang, YANG Fei. Optimization of rapid ammonia nitrogen determination in seawater using Nessler reagent spectrophotometery[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(5): 201-208.

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参考文献 19

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样品盐度/‰	不同酒石酸钾钠溶液浓度下的吸光值
样品盐度/‰	1%	2%	3%	4%
34.1	-	0.487±0.004	0.516±0.006	-
25.7	-	0.502±0.005	0.509±0.005	-
17.3	0.486±0.008	0.494±0.001	0.510±0.004	-
9.0	0.473±0.005	0.496±0.002	-	-
4.5	0.496±0.002	0.586±0.009	-	-
2.3	0.496±0.002	-	-	-

样品盐度/‰	纳氏试剂体积/mL
样品盐度/‰	0.10	0.20	0.30	0.40	0.50	0.60
34.1	-	-	-	-	-	-
25.7	-	-	-	-	-	0.407±0.002
17.3	-	-	0.394±0.004	0.398±0.001	0.405±0.002	0.420±0.002
9.0	0.341±0.002	0.391±0.004	0.409±0.003	0.430±0.004	0.429±0.005	0.409±0.001
4.5	0.367±0.003	0.391±0.003	0.415±0.003	0.419±0.003	0.423±0.004	0.426±0.004
2.3	0.358±0.002	0.391±0.004	0.414±0.004	0.419±0.003	0.423±0.003	0.426±0.003

样品盐度/‰	纳氏试剂体积/mL
样品盐度/‰	0.10	0.20	0.30	0.40	0.50	0.60
34.1	-	-	-	0.405±0.002	0.441±0.002	0.444±0.001
25.7	-	-	0.478±0.004	0.495±0.001	0.491±0.001	0.498±0.002
17.3	-	0.445±0.006	0.478±0.006	0.485±0.001	0.494±0.002	0.494±0.002
9.0	-	0.473±0.005	0.498±0.003	0.494±0.002	0.498±0.002	0.514±0.003
4.5	-	0.497±0.006	0.551±0.007	0.521±0.004	0.542±0.004	0.529±0.005
2.3	-	-	-	-	-	-

样品盐度/‰	不同酒石酸钾钠溶液浓度下的吸光值
样品盐度/‰	1%	2%	3%	4%
34.1	-	0.640±0.004	0.652±0.006	-
25.7	-	0.645±0.005	0.614±0.004	-

样品盐度/‰	20%氢氧化钠溶液使用量/mL
	0.05		0.10		0.20		0.30		0.40
	0mg·L^-1	4mg·L^-1	0mg·L^-1	4mg·L^-1	0mg·L^-1	4mg·L^-1	0mg·L^-1	4mg·L^-1	0mg·L^-1	4mg·L^-1
34.1	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.067±0.002	0.499±0.002	0.055±0.002	-
27.4	-	-	-	-	0.052±0.002	0.482±0.002	0.054±0.001	0.532±0.003	0.050±0.001	-
20.6	-	-	0.066±0.001	0.489±0.005	0.053±0.002	0.499±0.003	0.050±0.001	0.553±0.003	0.052±0.002	-

纳氏试剂光度法快速测定海水中氨氮的方法优化

Optimization of rapid ammonia nitrogen determination in seawater using Nessler reagent spectrophotometery

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参考文献 19

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样品	测定值/(mg·L^-1)	标准偏差	加标量/(mg·L^-1)	测得总量/(mg·L^-1)	加标回收率/%
养殖尾水1	2.74	0.030	2.58	5.35	100.80
养殖尾水2	1.94	0.019	1.90	3.79	97.06
人工海水	2.07	0.019	2.00	4.17	105.10
感潮湖水	1.16	0.025	2.00	3.18	96.22
海洋牧场	0.70	0.019	1.00	1.67	96.89

样品名称	氨氮含量/(mg·L^-1)	测定值/(mg·L^-1)	标准偏差	相对误差/%
34.1‰无氨海水1	0.50	0.48	0.020	-4.20
34.1‰无氨海水2	3.00	3.05	0.029	1.78
34.1‰无氨海水3	6.00	6.07	0.026	1.11
32.7‰人工海水1	0.50	0.54	0.011	8.07
32.7‰人工海水2	3.00	3.14	0.039	4.58
32.7‰人工海水3	6.00	6.13	0.037	2.14
17.8‰无氨海水	5.00	5.02	0.028	0.79
8.9‰无氨海水	2.00	2.09	0.030	1.46

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