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热带海洋学报

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台湾海峡西岸2021年春季一次持续性海雾过程边界层特征研究

段卿1, 孙玮2 , 卞逸舒3 , 林秋寒4, 林文5*   

  1. 1. 福建省气象信息中心, 福建 福州 350001;

    2. 昆山市气象局, 江苏 昆山 215300;

    3. 福建省气象服务中心, 福建 福州 350001;

    4. 莆田市气象局, 福建 莆田 351100;

    5. 福建省气象科学研究所, 福建 福州 350001

  • 收稿日期:2025-01-24 修回日期:2025-04-14 接受日期:2025-04-23
  • 通讯作者: 林文
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划专题(2023YFC3007603)

Boundary layer characteristics of a persistent sea fog process on the west coast of Taiwan Strait in Spring 2021

DUAN Qing1, SUN Wei2, BIAN Yishu3, LIN Qiuhan4, LIN Wen5*   

  1. 1. Fujian Meteorological Information Center, Fuzhou 350001, China;

    2. Kunshan Meteorological Bureau, Kunshan 215300, China;

    3. Fujian Meteorological Service Center, Fuzhou 350001, China;

    4. Putian Meteorological Office of Fujian Province, Putian 351100, China;

    5. Fujian Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China

  • Received:2025-01-24 Revised:2025-04-14 Accepted:2025-04-23
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3007603)

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摘要： 本文使用厦门翔安2021年3月29日-4月3日的自动站、微波辐射计及风廓线雷达资料，对海峡西岸一次持续5天的雾过程进行研究，分析了雾的边界层特征，研究发现：本次雾发展过程中形成微弱降水，降水使得雾得到加强；逆温层的存在是维持雾的重要条件，逆温层减弱会使雾减弱甚至消散；逆温层厚度减小有两种现象，一种是逆温层顶部高度基本保持不变、逆温层底部抬升，另一种是逆温层底部和底部均向上抬升，这与逆温层顶部附近大气温度变化有关，前者使得逆温强度减弱，后者使逆温层消失，雾随之消散；西南风带来暖湿气流，为雾的形成提供水汽条件；地面水汽充沛时，强上升气流会将雾抬升形成层云，水汽积累到一定程度后形成降水；雾过程中的降水一方面造成地面水分蒸发，为雾的加强或下一次降水的产生提供条件，另一方面消耗了空气中的水汽，加速了雾的消散；液态水含量在雾过程中有三次大跃增，跃增出现在逆温层顶之上，降水均出现在液态水跃增之后。

关键词: 海雾, 台湾海峡, 微波辐射计, 风廓线雷达

Abstract: In this paper, using the automatic station, microwave radiometer and wind profile radar data of Xiang 'an, Xiamen, from March 30 to April 3, 2021, a fog process lasting for 5 days on the west coast of the strait was studied, the boundary layer characteristics of the fog were analyzed. The study found that: there was weak precipitation in the fog development process, and the precipitation strengthened the fog; The existence of inversion layer is an important condition for maintaining fog, and the weakening of inversion layer will weaken or even dissipate fog. There are two phenomena in the decrease of the inversion layer thickness. One is that the top height of the inversion layer remains basically unchanged and the bottom of the inversion layer rises, and the other is that both the bottom and the bottom of the inversion layer rise upward, which is related to the change of atmospheric temperature near the top of the inversion layer. The former makes the inversion intensity weaken, and the latter makes the inversion layer disappear and the fog dissipates. The southwest wind brings warm and wet air, which provides water vapor conditions for the formation of fog. When water vapor is abundant on the ground, the strong updraft will lift the fog to form stratiform clouds, and the water vapor will accumulate to a certain extent to form precipitation. On the one hand, the precipitation in the fog process causes the evaporation of water on the ground, which provides conditions for the intensification of fog or the generation of the next precipitation. On the other hand, it consumes water vapor in the air and accelerates the dissipation of fog. There were three large jumps of liquid water content in the fog process, which occurred above the inversion top, and precipitation occurred after the liquid water jump.

Key words: sea fog, Taiwan Strait, microwave radiometer, wind profile radar