台湾海峡西岸2021年春季一次持续性海雾过程边界层特征研究*

doi:10.11978/2025014

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 21-30.doi: 10.11978/2025014CSTR: 32234.14.2025014

所属专题：台湾海峡专题

台湾海峡西岸2021年春季一次持续性海雾过程边界层特征研究^*

段卿¹(), 孙玮², 卞逸舒³, 林秋寒⁴, 林文⁵()

¹ 福建省气象信息中心, 福建福州 350001
² 昆山市气象局, 江苏昆山 215300
³ 福建省气象服务中心, 福建福州 350001
⁴ 莆田市气象局, 福建莆田 351100
⁵ 福建省气象科学研究所, 福建福州 350001

收稿日期:2025-01-24 修回日期:2025-04-14 出版日期:2025-11-10 发布日期:2025-12-03
通讯作者: 林文。email: donnakoon@foxmail.com
作者简介:
段卿(1989—), 女, 福建省福州市人, 高级工程师, 从事大气物理研究。email: duanqing_dq@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3007603); 福建省气象局开放式科研基金项目(2022K03)

Study on boundary layer characteristics of a persistent sea fog process on the west coast of Taiwan Strait in spring 2021^*

DUAN Qing¹(), SUN Wei², BIAN Yishu³, LIN Qiuhan⁴, LIN Wen⁵()

¹ Fujian Meteorological Information Center, Fuzhou 350001, China
² Kunshan Meteorological Bureau, Kunshan 215300, China
³ Fujian Meteorological Service Center, Fuzhou 350001, China
⁴ Putian Meteorological Office of Fujian Province, Putian 351100, China
⁵ Fujian Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China

Received:2025-01-24 Revised:2025-04-14 Online:2025-11-10 Published:2025-12-03
Contact: LIN Wen. email: donnakoon@foxmail.com
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3007603); Open Research Fund Project of Fujian Meteorological Bureau(2022K03)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

使用厦门翔安2021年3月29日—4月3日的自动站、微波辐射计及风廓线雷达资料, 对海峡西岸一次持续5d的海雾过程进行研究, 分析了雾的边界层特征。研究发现: 本次海雾过程均呈现出夜间生成发展、中午减弱并暂时消散的特征, 液态水路径的最大值出现在两段降水中间(4月1日02—07时)最大达到2kg·m^-2, 低能见度出现时地面绝对湿度最高可达17~18g·m^-3, 逆温层主要出现在50~800m的高度。逆温层的存在是维持本次海雾的重要条件, 逆温层减弱使雾减弱甚至消散; 本过程中逆温层厚度减小出现两种现象, 一种是逆温层顶部高度基本保持不变、逆温层底部抬升, 另一种是逆温层顶部和底部均向上抬升, 这与逆温层顶部附近大气温度变化有关, 前者使得逆温强度减弱, 后者使逆温层消失, 雾随之消散。西南风带来暖湿气流, 为本次海雾的形成提供水汽条件; 地面水汽充沛时, 强上升气流会将雾抬升形成层云, 水汽积累到一定程度后形成微弱降水。本次海雾过程中的微弱降水虽消耗了空气中的水汽, 使雾短暂减弱, 但在微弱降水结束后地面雨滴蒸发, 为雾的再次加强或下一次降水的产生提供条件。液态水含量在本次雾过程中出现三次向上跃增, 跃增出现在逆温层顶之上, 降水均出现在液态水跃增之后。

关键词: 海雾, 台湾海峡西岸, 微波辐射计, 风廓线雷达, 逆温层, 水汽条件

Abstract:

This paper investigates a five-day fog process on the west coast of the Taiwan Strait, utilizing observational data from an automatic station, microwave radiometer, and wind profile radar in Xiang'an, Xiamen, from March 30 to April 3, 2021. The boundary layer characteristics of the fog are analyzed. Our findings reveal that: (1) Mild precipitation during the fog's development enhanced its intensity; (2) The presence of an inversion layer was crucial for fog maintenance, with its weakening leading to fog dissipation or reduction. Two distinct scenarios were observed in the inversion layer thickness decrease: (i) the inversion layer top remained relatively stable while its bottom rose, and (ii) both the top and bottom of the inversion layer ascended. These variations are associated with temperature changes near the inversion layer top. The first scenario weakened inversion intensity, whereas the second caused complete inversion layer dissipation and subsequent fog dispersal. Additionally, southwest winds transported warm and moist air, supplying the necessary water vapor for fog formation. When surface water vapor was abundant, strong updrafts lifted the fog to form stratiform clouds, with accumulated water vapor eventually leading to precipitation. On one hand, precipitation during the fog process caused ground evaporation, intensifying the fog or paving the way for subsequent precipitation. On the other hand, it consumes atmospheric water vapor, accelerating fog dissipation. Notably, three significant jumps in liquid water content were observed above the inversion layer top during the fog process, each followed by precipitation.

Key words: sea fog, the west coast of Taiwan Strait, microwave radiometer, wind profile radar, inversion layer, water vapor conditions

中图分类号:

P732.2

段卿, 孙玮, 卞逸舒, 林秋寒, 林文. 台湾海峡西岸2021年春季一次持续性海雾过程边界层特征研究^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(6): 21-30.

DUAN Qing, SUN Wei, BIAN Yishu, LIN Qiuhan, LIN Wen. Study on boundary layer characteristics of a persistent sea fog process on the west coast of Taiwan Strait in spring 2021^*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(6): 21-30.

图/表 7

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	型号	数据类型	时间分辨率	采样高度	垂直分辨率
微波辐射计	GRAWRPG-HATPRO-G4	综合水汽含量	1s	/	30~50m(0~1200m) 50~250m(1200~10000m)
		液态水路径		/
		气象传感器		1.5m
		液态水廓线		0~10000m
		湿度廓线	1min
		对流层温度廓线	1min
		边界层温度廓线	20min
风廓线雷达	CFL-06	水平风向	6min	150~10110m	120m(150~4110m) 240m(4110~10110m)
		水平风速
		垂直风速

海雾出现时段	最小能见度出现时间	最小能见度/m
3月29日23时—3月30日10时	3月30日07:09	113
3月30日20时—3月31日02时	3月30日22:39	170
3月31日20时—4月1日13时	4月1日00:34	184
4月1日18时—4月2日11时	4月2日04:03	70
4月2日18时—4月3日10时	4月3日07:20	943

台湾海峡西岸2021年春季一次持续性海雾过程边界层特征研究^*

Study on boundary layer characteristics of a persistent sea fog process on the west coast of Taiwan Strait in spring 2021^*

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台湾海峡西岸2021年春季一次持续性海雾过程边界层特征研究*

Study on boundary layer characteristics of a persistent sea fog process on the west coast of Taiwan Strait in spring 2021*

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台湾海峡西岸2021年春季一次持续性海雾过程边界层特征研究^*

Study on boundary layer characteristics of a persistent sea fog process on the west coast of Taiwan Strait in spring 2021^*