钦州湾茅岭江河口红树林湿地动态变化过程

doi:10.11978/2025021

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 143-154.doi: 10.11978/2025021CSTR: 32234.14.2025021

钦州湾茅岭江河口红树林湿地动态变化过程

王日明¹(), 苏金恒¹^,², 戴志军³(), 吴天亮², 谢晓雯², 黄春梅¹, 李兴荣⁴, 张尚宇⁴

¹ 北部湾大学, 资源与环境学院/广西海洋环境灾害过程与生态保护技术重点实验室, 广西钦州 535011
² 南宁师范大学, 北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室, 广西南宁 530001
³ 华东师范大学, 河口海岸学国家重点实验室, 上海 200062
⁴ 中交第四航务工程勘察设计院有限公司, 广东广州 510230

收稿日期:2025-02-11 修回日期:2025-04-11 出版日期:2025-11-10 发布日期:2025-12-03
通讯作者: 戴志军, 教授, 博士, 研究方向为河海相互作用及生物动力地貌过程。email: zjdai@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn
作者简介:
王日明(1971—), 男, 湖南省隆回县人, 教授, 博士, 研究方向为滨海景观生态修复。email: wangriming@bbgu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41930537); 国家自然科学基金项目(42366009); 钦州市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(20223623)

Dynamic changes in mangrove wetland of the Maolingjiang Estuary, Qinzhou Gulf

WANG Riming¹(), SU Jinheng¹^,², DAI Zhijun³(), WU Tianliang², XIE Xiaowen², HUANG Chunmei¹, LI Xingrong⁴, ZHANG Shangyu⁴

¹ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in Beibu Gulf/College of Resources and Environment, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
² Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Resource Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
³ State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Costal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
⁴ CCCC-FHDI Engineering Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510230, China.

Received:2025-02-11 Revised:2025-04-11 Online:2025-11-10 Published:2025-12-03
Contact: DAI Zhijun. email：zjdai@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation Key Program of China(41930537); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42366009); Qinzhou Scientific Research and Technology Development Program(20223623)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热带及亚热带潮间带红树林湿地拥有极为重要的滨海生态系统, 在抵御台风、护岸与固碳等方面具有重要价值。然而, 复杂的陆海相互作用与人类活动易引起红树林湿地发生较大规模损失。理解红树林湿地动态变化有利于全面掌握其变化与缘由, 为其受损修复提供关键支撑。为此, 本文基于Google Earth Engine平台获取的1992—2021年钦州湾茅岭江河口的23景陆地卫星TM(thematic mapper)与OLI(operational land imager)影像, 逐年提取红树林湿地面积, 以5年间隔诊断研究区6个时期4种土地覆盖类型面积, 以及170多条横断面上红树林林缘线和潮滩水边线, 揭示红树林湿地动态变化。结果表明: (1)截至2021年, 茅岭江河口1494.40hm²的潮滩分布有以桐花树为建群种的红树林707.76hm², 红树林主要分布在大坜墩外滩和团和岛尾潮滩, 靠干流南侧梁屋外滩红树林分布最少; (2)1992—2021年, 茅岭江河口潮滩经历了“增加—减少—增加”的变化过程, 红树林湿地面积持续增加; (3)1992—2021年间养殖塘建设占用红树林是区域红树林面积阶段性减少的主要原因, 2002年以来相继启动的人工种植红树林项目导致红树林面积大幅度增加, 潮滩发育是红树林向海扩张的主要原因。

关键词: 红树林林缘线, 潮滩, 茅岭江河口, Google Earth Engine

Abstract:

Mangrove wetlands, located in the intertidal zones of tropical and subtropical regions, are critically important coastal ecosystems, providing significant value in typhoon resistance, coastal seawall protection, and carbon sequestration. However, complex land-sea couplings have caused large-scale mangrove loss worldwide. Understanding the dynamic changes of mangrove wetlands is crucial for comprehensive grasping their losses and underlying causes, providing necessary support for their restoration. Based on the Google Earth Engine platform, this study extracted spatiotemporal dynamic information of mangrove wetlands at the Maolingjiang Estuary of Beibu Gulf from 1992 to 2021, and analyzed mangrove dynamics and associated influencing factors. The results showed that: (1) as of 2021, the tidal flats at the Maolingjiang Estuary contained 707.76 hm² of mangroves, with Aegiceras corniculatum as the building species. Mangroves were mainly distributed in the Dalidun and Tuanhedao tidal flats, with the least distribution in the Liangwu tidal flat near the southern side of the main stream. (2) From 1992 to 2021, the tidal flats at the Maolingjiang Estuary experienced a process of "increase-decrease-increase", while mangrove area consistently expanded. (3) From 1992 to 2021, the construction of aquaculture ponds was the primary driver of phased regional mangrove loss, while large-scale mangrove afforestation projects initiated since 2002 led to a significant rebound in mangrove coverage, with tidal flat progradation serving as the key natural facilitator for seaward mangrove expansion.

Key words: mangrove fringe line, tidal flat, Maolingjiang Estuary, Google Earth Engine

中图分类号:

X171.1

王日明, 苏金恒, 戴志军, 吴天亮, 谢晓雯, 黄春梅, 李兴荣, 张尚宇. 钦州湾茅岭江河口红树林湿地动态变化过程[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(6): 143-154.

WANG Riming, SU Jinheng, DAI Zhijun, WU Tianliang, XIE Xiaowen, HUANG Chunmei, LI Xingrong, ZHANG Shangyu. Dynamic changes in mangrove wetland of the Maolingjiang Estuary, Qinzhou Gulf[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(6): 143-154.

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序号	成像日期	时刻	卫星	分辨率/m	总体精度OA	Kappa系数
1	1992-10-23	10:32	Landsat 5 TM	30	0.95	0.94
2	1994-11-14	10:25	Landsat 5 TM	30	0.96	0.95
3	1996-12-21	10:33	Landsat 5 TM	30	0.95	0.94
4	1997-08-18	10:42	Landsat 5 TM	30	0.96	0.95
5	1998-08-21	10:49	Landsat 5 TM	30	0.92	0.91
6	1999-09-25	10:47	Landsat 5 TM	30	0.94	0.92
7	2000-09-11	10:49	Landsat 5 TM	30	0.96	0.95
8	2002-11-04	10:43	Landsat 5 TM	30	0.95	0.94
9	2003-04-13	10:45	Landsat 5 TM	30	0.93	0.92
10	2004-06-02	10:52	Landsat 5 TM	30	0.95	0.94
11	2006-12-17	11:05	Landsat 5 TM	30	0.97	0.96
12	2007-07-29	11:04	Landsat 5 TM	30	0.98	0.98
13	2008-05-12	10:59	Landsat 5 TM	30	0.97	0.96
14	2009-05-31	10:59	Landsat 5 TM	30	0.97	0.97
15	2011-06-22	11:00	Landsat 5 TM	30	0.96	0.95
16	2013-11-02	11:12	Landsat 8 OLI	30	0.93	0.92
17	2014-06-14	11:10	Landsat 8 OLI	30	0.93	0.91
18	2015-04-14	11:10	Landsat 8 OLI	30	0.96	0.95
19	2017-05-05	11:10	Landsat 8 OLI	30	0.95	0.94
20	2018-07-11	11:10	Landsat 8 OLI	30	0.98	0.98
21	2019-08-15	11:11	Landsat 8 OLI	30	0.98	0.98
22	2020-09-02	11:11	Landsat 8 OLI	30	0.98	0.98
23	2021-04-30	11:10	Landsat 8 OLI	30	0.96	0.96

序号	成像时间	时刻	卫星	分辨率/m	潮位/cm
1	1992-10-23	10:32	Landsat 5 TM	30	288
2	1997-08-02	10:42	Landsat 5 TM	30	298
3	2002-11-04	10:43	Landsat 5 TM	30	297
4	2007-07-29	11:04	Landsat 5 TM	30	279
5	2014-06-14	11:10	Landsat 8 OLI	30	297
6	2021-04-30	11:10	Landsat 8 OLI	30	280

断面序号	平均坡度	L/m
D1	0.22%	85.90
D2	0.69%	27.35
D3	0.39%	48.25
D4	0.24%	79.22

年份	裸滩面积/hm²	水域(养殖塘)面积/hm²	其他面积/hm²
1992—1997	1.25	0.08(0.00)	0.17
1997—2002	6.07	7.49(4.74)	1.17
2002—2007	1.25	0.92(0.67)	0.67
2007—2013	2.00	3.83(0.67)	0.33
2013—2018	4.58	6.32(4.24)	5.37
2018—2021	27.58	14.89(11.23)	3.25
总和	42.72	33.53(21.55)	10.94

钦州湾茅岭江河口红树林湿地动态变化过程

Dynamic changes in mangrove wetland of the Maolingjiang Estuary, Qinzhou Gulf

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