广西优势海草卵叶喜盐草生长繁殖的季节变化及斑块中心-边缘效应

doi:10.11978/2025040

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 129-139.doi: 10.11978/2025040CSTR: 32234.14.2025040

广西优势海草卵叶喜盐草生长繁殖的季节变化及斑块中心-边缘效应

郑侦明¹^,²^,³(), 于硕¹^,²^,³(), 黄宇洲¹^,²^,³, 朱方超¹^,²^,³, 陈旭阳¹^,²^,³, 熊志祥¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 刘佩佩¹^,²^,³()

1.自然资源部第四海洋研究所, 自然资源部热带海洋生态系统与生物资源重点实验室, 广西北海 536000
2.自然资源部第四海洋研究所, 广西北部湾海洋资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室, 广西北海 536000
3.自然资源部第四海洋研究所, 自然资源部北部湾滨海湿地生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 广西北海 536000
4.广西大学资源环境与材料学院, 广西南宁 530004

收稿日期:2025-03-08 修回日期:2025-06-18 出版日期:2026-03-10 发布日期:2026-03-26
通讯作者: 于硕, 刘佩佩
作者简介:
郑侦明(1996—), 男, 广东省茂名市人, 助理工程师, 从事滨海湿地和海洋生态修复研究。email: zhengzhenming@4io.org.cn
基金资助:
广西自然科学基金面上基金项目(2023GXNSFAA026466); 国家自然科学基金项目(42141016); 自然资源部第四海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(202203)

Seasonal variations in growth and reproduction of Halophila ovalis, a dominant seagrass in Guangxi, and their center-edge effects within patches

ZHENG Zhenming¹^,²^,³(), YU Shuo¹^,²^,³(), HUANG Yuzhou¹^,²^,³, ZHU Fangchao¹^,²^,³, CHEN Xuyang¹^,²^,³, XIONG Zhixiang¹^,²^,³^,⁴, LIU Peipei¹^,²^,³()

1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China
2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China
3. Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China
4. School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China

Received:2025-03-08 Revised:2025-06-18 Online:2026-03-10 Published:2026-03-26
Contact: YU Shuo, LIU Peipei
Supported by:
Guangxi Natural Science Foundation General Program Project(2023GXNSFAA026466); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42141016); Scientific Research Fund of the Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR(202203)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

卵叶喜盐草(Halophila ovalis)为雌雄异株海草物种, 兼具有性繁殖和克隆繁殖。文章以广西竹林海域的卵叶喜盐草种群作为研究对象, 对海草生长繁殖进行4个季节的监测, 并分析卵叶喜盐草雌株和雄株在海草斑块中心和边缘的繁殖差异。结果表明, 卵叶喜盐草的密度为(2967.36 ± 661.96)ind·m^-2、盖度为(47 ± 9)%和干重生物量为(37.68 ± 8.85)g·m^-2, 均在春季达到最高。该海域卵叶喜盐草的年平均盖度为(38 ± 14)%, 年平均茎枝密度为(1851.02 ± 1036.81)ind·m^-2, 年平均干重生物量为(27.60 ± 13.97)g·m^-2, 斑块中心海草密度和生物量均显著高于斑块边缘, 大型底栖生物的生物量也表现为相同趋势。卵叶喜盐草在春季出现雌、雄花。雄株的节间长显著低于雌株的节间长, 但雌株和雄株斑块中心和边缘的节间长没有显著差异。

关键词: 卵叶喜盐草, 季节变化, 有性繁殖, 中心-边缘效应, 广西海域

Abstract:

Halophila ovalis is a dioecious seagrass species capable of both sexual reproduction and clonal propagation. This study investigated the seasonal growth and reproductive characteristics of H. ovalis population through quarterly monitoring in Zhulin, Guangxi, with particular focus on reproductive differences between female and male individuals at the center and edges of seagrass patches. Results showed that the density, coverage, and biomass of H. ovalis peaked in spring, reaching 47% (±9%), (2967.36 ± 661.96) ind·m^-2, and (37.68 ± 8.85) gDW·m^-2, respectively. Annual averages were 38% (±14%) for coverage, (1851.02 ±1036.81) ind·m^-2 for shoot density, and (27.60 ± 13.97) gDW·m^-2 for biomass. Sexual reproduction occurred in spring, with distinct female and male flowers. Both seagrass density and biomass were significantly higher at patch centers than at edges - a pattern also mirrored in macrobenthic biomass. Male individuals exhibited significantly shorter internode lengths than females, though no significant differences were observed between center and edge positions within either sex. These findings provide fundamental insights into the reproductive ecology of H. ovalis, offering scientific support for the conservation and restoration of seagrass beds.

Key words: Halophila ovalis, seasonal variation, sexual reproduction, center-edge effect, Guangxi sea areas

中图分类号:

P734.43

郑侦明, 于硕, 黄宇洲, 朱方超, 陈旭阳, 熊志祥, 刘佩佩. 广西优势海草卵叶喜盐草生长繁殖的季节变化及斑块中心-边缘效应[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(2): 129-139.

ZHENG Zhenming, YU Shuo, HUANG Yuzhou, ZHU Fangchao, CHEN Xuyang, XIONG Zhixiang, LIU Peipei. Seasonal variations in growth and reproduction of Halophila ovalis, a dominant seagrass in Guangxi, and their center-edge effects within patches[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(2): 129-139.

图/表 9

图1

图2

表1

图3

表2

竹林海域卵叶喜盐草斑块大型底栖动物主要类型"

门类	科别	种类
环节动物门	沙蚕科	杜氏阔沙蚕Platynereis dumerilii
		红角沙蚕Simplisetia erythraeensis
		腺带刺沙蚕Neanthes glandicincta
		沙蚕亚科一种Nereidinae und.
		软疣沙蚕Tylonereis bogoyawlenskyi
		角沙蚕Ceratonereis mirabilis
	杂毛虫科	蛇杂毛虫Poecilochaetus serpens
	角吻沙蚕科	寡节甘吻沙蚕Glycinde bonhourei
	矶沙蚕科	岩虫Marphysa sanguinea
	索沙蚕科	克氏索沙蚕Lumbrineris crosslandi
	海稚虫科	冠奇异稚齿虫Paraprionospio cristata
		角腹钩虫Scolelepis angulata
		腺袋才女虫Polydora triglanda
		膜质伪才女虫Pseudopolydora kempi
		稚齿虫属一种Prionospio sp.
		微稚虫属一种Microspio sp.
		马丁海稚虫Spio martinensis
		海稚虫科一种1 Spionidae und.1
		太平洋稚齿虫Prionospio pacifica
	小头虫科	丝异须虫Heteromastus filiformis
	小头虫科	小头虫科一种Capitellidae und.
	海蛹科	中阿曼吉虫Armandia intermedia
	笔帽虫科	乳突笔帽虫Pectinaria papillosa
	蛰龙介科	琴蛰虫Lanice conchilega
	蛰龙介科	耳状琴蛰虫Lanice auricula
	缨鳃虫科	鳍缨虫属一种Branchiomma sp.
	缨鳃虫科	拟缨鳃虫属一种Parasabella sp.
	海女虫科	锚颚海裂虫Syllidia anchoragnatha Sun et Yang, sp. nov.
	叶须虫科	围巧言虫Eumida sanguinea
软体动物门	长葡萄螺科	黄月华螺Haminoea flavescens
	牡蛎科	牡蛎科一种Ostreidae und.
	蛤蜊科	高蛤蜊Mactra alta
	满月蛤科	斯氏印澳蛤Indoaustriella scarlatoi
	满月蛤科	南海毛满月蛤Rugalucina vietnamica
	樱蛤科	拟箱美丽蛤Serratina capsoides
		红吉樱蛤Jitlada pumila
		仿樱蛤Tellinides timorensis
		幼形亮樱蛤Nitidotellina juvenilis
	竹蛏科	长竹蛏Solen strictus
		大竹蛏Solen grandis
		竹蛏属一种Solen sp.
	帘蛤科	突畸心蛤Cryptonema producta
		饼干镜蛤Dosinia biscocta
		裂纹格特蛤Marcia hiantina
		角镜属一种Dosinia sp.
		菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum
		青蛤Cyclina sinensis
	鸟蛤科	班氏脊鸟蛤Fragum scruposum
节肢动物门	藤壶科	网纹纹藤壶Amphibalanus reticulatus
	对虾科	对虾科一种Penaeidae und.
	对虾科	沙栖新对虾Metapenaeus moyebi
	鼓虾科	短脊鼓虾Alpheus brevicristatus
		叶齿鼓虾Alpheus lobidens
		角鼓虾属一种Athanas sp.
	活额寄居蟹科	长螯活额寄居蟹Diogenes avarus
	寄居蟹科	小形寄居蟹Pagurus minutus
	毛刺蟹科	真壮海神蟹Benthopanope eucratoides
	玉蟹科	隆线豆形拳蟹Pyrhila carinata
刺胞动物门	海葵科	海葵一种1 Actiniaria und.1
	海葵科	海葵一种2 Actiniaria und.2
	甲胄海葵科	甲胄海葵科一种Paranthus sociatus
纽形动物门	纽虫一种	纽虫一种Nemertea und.
星虫动物门	方格星虫科	裸体方格星虫Sipunculus nudus

表2

图4

图5

图6

表3

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季节	水质环境				沉积环境
季节	$\text{NO}_{3}^{-}$/(μmol·L^-1)	$\text{NO}_{2}^{-}$/(μmol·L^-1)	$\text{NO}_{4}^{+}$/(μmol·L^-1)	$\text{PO}_{4}^{3-}$/(μmol·L^-1)	硫化物/(mg·kg^-1)	有机碳/%
春	1.85±0.10	0.23±0.01	0.86±0.29^a	0.08±0.02	/	0.16±0.01
夏	21.25±1.18	2.06±0.03	1.89±0.04 ^b	0.06±0.01	5.3±3.2	2.97±1.19
秋	49.71±2.43	0.84±0.06	0.18±0.04^c	ND	12.1±7.6	3.14±0.41
冬	1.75±0.27	0.14±0.01	3.39±0.11^d	0.07±0.01	40.6±17.2	0.22±0.06

斑块类型	大型底栖生物位置	多样性指数(H′)	均匀度指数 (J)	丰富度指数(d)
雄株斑块	中心	2.12	0.86	3.18
雄株斑块	边缘	1.85	0.82	2.75
雌株斑块	中心	1.45	0.68	2.24
雌株斑块	边缘	1.41	0.75	2.08

广西优势海草卵叶喜盐草生长繁殖的季节变化及斑块中心-边缘效应

Seasonal variations in growth and reproduction of Halophila ovalis, a dominant seagrass in Guangxi, and their center-edge effects within patches

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