南海U形海疆线的地质构造特征研究

doi:10.11978/2025073

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 10-24.doi: 10.11978/2025073CSTR: 32234.14.2025073

所属专题：南海专题

南海U形海疆线的地质构造特征研究

张云帆¹(), 唐丹玲²(), 孙珍¹(), 邱宁³

¹ 边缘海与大洋地质实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 510301
² 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州), 广东广州 511458
³ 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东广州 510301

收稿日期:2025-06-04 修回日期:2025-10-10 出版日期:2026-05-10 发布日期:2026-05-28
通讯作者: 孙珍。email: sun_zhen2024@126.com; 唐丹玲。email: lingzistdl@126.com
作者简介:
张云帆(1983—), 女, 天津市人, 副研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为海洋地质学。email: geozyf@163.com
基金资助:
广东省特支计划创新团队项目(2019BT02H594); 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州）引进高端领军人才队伍项目(GML2021GD0810)

Study on the geological structural characteristics of the U-shaped boundary in the South China Sea

ZHANG Yunfan¹(), TANG Danling²(), SUN Zhen¹(), QIU Ning³

¹ Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301
² Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458
³ State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301

Received:2025-06-04 Revised:2025-10-10 Online:2026-05-10 Published:2026-05-28
Contact: SUN Zhen. email: sun_zhen2024@126.com; TANG Danling. email: lingzistdl@126.com
Supported by:
Guangdong Special Support Talent Team Program(2019BT02H594); PI Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)(GML2021GD0810)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南海U形海疆线是我国在南海的权益边界, 是维护国家海洋权益和推进海洋强国战略的关键区域, 认识南海U形海疆线的下伏地质构造特征具有重要科学意义。本文深入分析南海U形海疆线海底地形、自由空间重力异常和磁力异常数据, 研究U形线西北、西、南、东和东北五个区间的地球物理与地质特征, 并探讨其与南海演化的关系。研究发现, 南海U形线(带)的海底地形为“西浅南平东深”, 水深在0~5400m之间; 自由空间重力异常整体与地形呈正相关, 异常分布范围为-100~0mGal, 磁力异常整体呈正异常(-50~100nT), 反映了海底以下岩石的磁性变化和空间赋存状态。研究还进一步揭示了U形海疆线走向与海底地貌构造单元的一致性: U形线西区段与红河断裂系统、南海西缘断裂走向一致, 其中西北段和西段在走滑伸展的背景下断面结构具有挤压褶皱和负花状构造; U形线南区段与南海南部陆架坡折和南沙海槽重合, 剖面构造在早—中中新世界面表现出大规模的破裂不整合特征, U形线东区段在平面上与马尼拉海沟走向一致, 在断面上处于南海板块俯冲于菲律宾海板块所产生的增生楔处; U形海疆线在南海西部陆缘、东南部陆缘、东部边界都处于重力异常剧烈变化的梯度带上, 代表了地形地貌的强烈起伏, 是构造的边界和天然的分界线。本研究成果总结了南海U形海疆线的数据基础和地质资料, 将为南海海洋划界和南海防灾减灾提供科学支撑。

关键词: 南海U形海疆线, 海洋地质构造, 重磁异常, 5区间分法

Abstract:

The U-shaped boundary in the South China Sea (SCS) represents China's jurisdictional boundary in the region. It is a critical area for safeguarding national maritime rights and interests and advancing the strategy of building a maritime power. Understanding the geological structure characteristics underlying the U-shaped boundary in the SCS is of great scientific significance. This study focuses on these characteristics, using global bathymetric, gravity, and magnetic data to obtain the depth of the U-shaped boundary (belt). By considering the different nature of the boundary surrounding the SCS, this paper analyzes the structural characteristics of each section of the U-shaped boundary, and discusses their relationship with the rupture and evolution of the SCS. The research reveals that the water depth along the U-shaped boundary presents a pattern of “shallow in the west, flat in the south, and deep in the east”, ranging from 0 to 5400 meters. The gravity anomaly is predominantly negative (-100 to 0 mGal), with localized positive anomalies associated with seamounts. The positive and negative anomaly characteristics of each section correlate well with the topography. Magnetic anomalies along the U-shaped boundary are generally positive, ranging from -50 to 100 nT, reflecting magnetic variations and the spatial occurrence of subsurface rocks. The study also analyzes the alignment of the U-shaped boundary’s strike with submarine geomorphic and tectonic units, as well as the sectional characteristics. In the western section, the strike is consistent with the Red River Fault system and the western margin of the SCS. Sections U1 and U2 exhibit compressive folds and negative flower-like structures under a strike-slip extensional setting. The southern U-shaped boundary overlaps with the slope break of the southern shelf and the Nansha Trough, showing a large-scale rupture unconformity at the Early-Middle Miocene interface. The strike of the U5 section is consistent with the Manila Trench, where the SCS plate subducts beneath the Philippine Sea plate. Overall, the U-shaped boundary is located within the gradient zones of abnormally intense gravitational changes at the western, southeastern and eastern margins of the SCS. It represents significant topographic undulations and serves as both a structural boundary and a natural dividing line. This study provides a richer data foundation and geological references for the U-shaped boundary, providing support for maritime delimitation and disaster prevention and mitigation in the South China Sea.

Key words: South China Sea U-shaped boundary, marine geological structure, gravity and magnetic anomaly, 5-zones division method

中图分类号:

P736

张云帆, 唐丹玲, 孙珍, 邱宁. 南海U形海疆线的地质构造特征研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(3): 10-24.

ZHANG Yunfan, TANG Danling, SUN Zhen, QIU Ning. Study on the geological structural characteristics of the U-shaped boundary in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(3): 10-24.

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南海U形海疆线的地质构造特征研究

Study on the geological structural characteristics of the U-shaped boundary in the South China Sea

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