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热带海洋学报

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基于环境DNA宏条形码技术的西沙群岛珊瑚礁礁栖生物组成和分布特征解析

秦其水1, 2,3, 孙婷婷2*, 王雷2, 李秀保1, 3*, 董志军2   

  1. 1. 海南省热带水生生物技术重点实验室, 海南大学海洋生物与水产学院, 海南海口570228;

    2. 牟平海岸带环境综合试验站, 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 山东 烟台 264003;

    3. 海南省珊瑚礁生态国际联合研究中心, 海南大学, 海南 海口 570228

  • 收稿日期:2025-06-05 修回日期:2025-08-13 接受日期:2025-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 孙婷婷
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技基础资源调查项目(2022FY100603)

Environmental DNA Metabarcoding Reveals Community Structure and Biogeographic Patterns of Reef-Associated Organisms in the Xisha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystems

QIN Qishui1, 2，3, SUN Tingting2*, WANG Lei2, LI Xiubao1, 3*, DONG Zhijun2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China

    2. Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China

    3. International Joint Research Center for Coral Reef Ecology of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

  • Received:2025-06-05 Revised:2025-08-13 Accepted:2025-09-01

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摘要： 礁栖生物通过参与能量流动、物质循环及种间相互作用等关键生态过程, 维系珊瑚礁生态系统的稳定。因此，探究礁栖生物群落结构和多样性水平, 跟踪关键生物类群分布和动态变化, 是认识珊瑚礁生态系统的基础。本研究基于COI的环境DNA(environment DNA, eDNA)宏条形码方法, 对采集于西沙群岛珊瑚礁浅层、中光层海域的127个海水和沉积物样本进行了分析。结果显示, 西沙群岛珊瑚礁礁栖生物共注释到14个门, 32个纲, 111个目, 379个科, 625个属, 共901种后生动物; 其中软体动物门占比最高, 为217种; 节肢动物门次之, 为186种。软体动物和节肢动物在浅层和中光层生境的生物多样性差异较小, 但其群落结构均有显著差异, 在珊瑚礁中呈现明显的垂直分布格局。此外, 海水中检出的礁栖生物多样性显著高于沉积物样本, 仅在沉积物中鉴定出的样本为136种, 表明沉积物eDNA是礁栖生物多样性研究的重要补充。本研究表明，相比传统的形态学调查, 基于环境DNA宏条形码技术能够更全面地揭示珊瑚礁礁栖生物的多样性和空间分布格局。

关键词: 中光层珊瑚礁, eDNA, 软体动物, 节肢动物, 生物多样性

Abstract: Reef-associated organisms play a vital role in maintaining the stability of coral reef ecosystems by participating in key ecological processes such as energy flow, material cycling, and interspecific interactions. Therefore, investigating the community structure and diversity of reef organisms, as well as monitoring the distribution and temporal dynamics of key biological groups, is fundamental to understanding coral reef ecosystems. In this study, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding targeting the COI gene was employed to analyze 127 seawater and sediment samples collected from the shallow and mesophotic zones of coral reefs in the Xisha Islands. The results revealed that reef-associated organisms in these coral reefs were annotated to 14 phyla, 32 classes, 111 orders, 379 families, 625 genera, and a total of 901 metazoan species. Among them, Mollusca accounted for the highest proportion with 217 species, followed by Arthropoda with 186 species. Although there was little difference in the overall biodiversity of Mollusca and Arthropoda between shallow and mesophotic habitats, their community structures differed significantly, exhibiting a clear vertical distribution pattern within the coral reef ecosystem. Additionally, the biodiversity of reef-associated organisms detected in seawater samples was significantly higher than that in sediment samples, with only 136 species identified from sediments, highlighting that sediment eDNA serves as an important complement in assessing reef-associated biodiversity. This study demonstrates that, compared to traditional morphological surveys, eDNA metabarcoding offers a more comprehensive approach for revealing the biodiversity and spatial distribution patterns of reef-associated organisms in coral reef ecosystems.

Key words: Mesophotic coral ecosystems, Environmental DNA, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Biological Diversity