热带海洋学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 92-103.doi: 10.11978/2024025CSTR: 32234.14.2024025

• 海洋生物学 • 上一篇    下一篇

广东南澳海水养殖区中小型浮游动物群落结构特征

王庆1(), 任辉1, 柯志新2   

  1. 1.暨南大学生态学系, 人与自然生命共同体重点实验室, 广东 广州 510632
    2.中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东 广州 510301
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-20 修回日期:2024-02-26 出版日期:2024-11-10 发布日期:2024-12-05
  • 通讯作者: 王庆
  • 作者简介:

    王庆(1981—), 男, 安徽省安庆市人, 副研究员, 从事浮游动物生态学研究。email:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32271684); 国家自然科学基金(41503072); 粤东上升流区海洋生态系统综合观测研究站2023年开放基金项目(CUE202303)

Community structure of meso- and micro-zooplankton in the mariculture area in the Nan’ao Island, Guangdong Province

WANG Qing1(), REN Hui1, KE Zhixin2   

  1. 1. Department of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    2. South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
  • Received:2024-01-20 Revised:2024-02-26 Online:2024-11-10 Published:2024-12-05
  • Contact: WANG Qing
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271684); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41503072); Foundation of Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem(CUE202303)

摘要:

海水养殖对近海环境质量具有重要影响。为调查广东汕头南澳不同类型海水养殖活动对中小型浮游动物群落结构的影响, 于2016年4月至6月在大型海藻龙须菜收获前后, 高频次调查南澳深澳湾鱼类养殖区、龙须菜栽培区、鲍养殖区和鲍藻复合养殖区的浮游动物群落结构特征。调查期间, 浮游动物共检出44种, 包括浮游幼虫8种、原生动物6种、轮虫1种、枝角类2种和桡足类27种。中小型浮游动物在不同类型调查区域的丰度变化范围为4~392ind.·L-1, 其中鲍养殖区丰度最高(P<0.05)。浮游动物优势种为钟状网纹虫(Favella campanula)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、小毛猛水蚤(Microsetella norvegica)和拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis)。体长频度分析显示, 98.74%的浮游动物体长小于1mm, 主要为原生动物、浮游幼虫和无节幼体。龙须菜收获后, 原龙须菜栽培区的浮游动物群落结构变化与对照海域差异不显著。冗余分析表明, 总磷、活性磷酸盐、盐度和溶解氧等环境因子显著影响浮游动物群落结构。调查结果表明, 海水养殖设施形成微生境, 使中小型浮游动物丰度增加, 导致浮游动物群落结构小型化; 大型海藻龙须菜的规模栽培能增加浮游动物群落结构的稳定性。

关键词: 浮游动物, 海水养殖, 复合养殖, 大型海藻, 生物多样性

Abstract:

Mariculture has an important influence on the quality of coastal environment. To investigate the effects of mariculture on meso- and micro-zooplankton community structure, sampling was conducted in the different mariculture areas (fish cultivation area, Gracilaria lemaneiformis cultivation area, abalone cultivation area and abalone-G. lemaneiformis integrated cultivation area) and natural sea area in the Shen’ao Bay of the Nan’ao Island, Shantou City from April to June, 2016. During the surveys, 44 species of zooplankton, including 8 species of planktonic larvae, 6 protozoan, 1 rotifer, 2 cladocerans and 27 copepods were identified in the Shen’ao Bay. The zooplankton abundance ranged from 4 to 392 ind.·L-1, which was higher in mariculture area and most abundant in abalone cultivation area (P<0.05). The dominant species of zooplankton were Favella campanula, Paracalanus parvus, Microsetella norvegica and Oithona similis. Size-frequency distributions of zooplankton indicated that mariculture had a strong influence on the zooplankton body size. The body size of zooplankton ranged from 0.06 to 2.18 mm and most of them (98.74%) were under 1 mm with significant fluctuation, mainly protozoa, nauplius and planktonic larvae. After G. lemaneiformis harvest, there was no significant difference in changes of zooplankton community structure between the former G. lemaneiformis cultivation area and the natural sea area. Redundancy analysis indicated that total phosphorus, $\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}$, salinity and dissolved oxygen were the primary environmental factors. Results showed mariculture facilities form microhabitats which increase meso- and micro-zooplankton abundance, and zooplankton community structure becomes smaller; the large-scale cultivation of seaweed G. lemaneiformis has increased the stability of zooplankton community.

Key words: zooplankton, mariculture, integrated aquaculture, seaweed, biodiversity

中图分类号: 

  • Q958.8