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热带海洋学报

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热带西太平洋海表面叶绿素a浓度分布对 ENSO的响应机制

高微1, 马本俊2   

  1. 1. 青岛黄海学院 智慧城市工程学院, 山东 青岛 266427;

    2. 哈尔滨工程大学 青岛创新发展基地, 山东 青岛 266427

  • 收稿日期:2025-06-11 修回日期:2025-08-14 接受日期:2025-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 马本俊
  • 基金资助:

    Qingdao City Natural Science Foundation (24-4-4-zrjj-48-jch), Qingdao Huanghai University Doctoral Research Fund Project (2022boshi03, 2024boshi02, 2024boshi03), and the Shandong Provincial Natural ScienceFoundation (ZR2024QD256)

Variation of surface chlorophyll-a concentration in the tropical western Pacific in response to the ENSO diversity*

GAO Wei1, MA Benjun

  

  1. 1. Qingdao Huanhai University, Qingdao 266427, China;

    2. Qingdao Innovation and Development Base, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266427, China

  • Received:2025-06-11 Revised:2025-08-14 Accepted:2025-08-26
  • Supported by:

    Qingdao City Natural Science Foundation (24-4-4-zrjj-48-jch), Qingdao Huanghai University Doctoral Research Fund Project (2022boshi03, 2024boshi02, 2024boshi03), and the Shandong Provincial Natural ScienceFoundation (ZR2024QD256)

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摘要： 热带西太平洋的海表面流系统对当地乃至全球的海气相互作用有着重要影响，但其在水文生态条件下的变化过程以及受厄尔尼诺 - 南方涛动循环影响的响应机制仍不明确。为深入探究这一问题，本文聚焦于2003 - 2023年热带西太平洋生态 - 水文 - 气候环境的变化，剖析其对ENSO事件的响应关系。研究发现，研究区海表面叶绿素a浓度存在三个显著高值区域，分别为沿岸区域（平均值 0.152 μg/L）、哈马黑拉暖涡区域（平均值 0.130 μg/L）以及北赤道逆流源区（平均值 0.109 μg/L）。新几内亚沿岸流和棉兰老流作为营养盐的重要载体，输送富含营养物质的近岸海水并共同汇入向东流动的北赤道逆流，促成了这三个高值区的形成。同时，呈气旋式的棉兰老冷涡区域中心的上升流，将富含营养的深层海水提升至海表面，使该区域叶绿素a浓度（平均值 0.059 μg/L）高于一般大洋区域（平均值 0.048μg/L）。在不同的ENSO事件阶段，海表面叶绿素a浓度呈现出明显变化。厄尔尼诺发生时，新几内亚沿岸流流速增加，间接致使海表面叶绿素a浓度整体上升；拉尼娜期间，新几内亚沿岸流流速降低，间接造成海表面叶绿素a浓度整体下降。基于此，本文提炼出热带西太平洋生态 - 水文 - 气候过程与厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件之间的两种简要响应机制，这不仅凸显了ENSO循环在局部和全球水文气候变化以及碳循环研究中的广阔前景，更为全面理解地球系统提供了重要的理论支撑，具有深远的科学意义。

关键词: ENSO, 海表洋流系统, 热带西太平洋, 海表叶绿素浓度。

Abstract: The sea surface current system in the tropical western Pacific has an important impact on local and even global air-sea interactions. However, its variation process under hydrological and ecological conditions and the response mechanism affected by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle remain unclear. To deeply explore this issue, this paper focuses on the changes in the ecological-hydrological-climate environment of the tropical western Pacific from 2003 to 2023, and analyzes its response relationship to ENSO events. The study found that there are three significant high-value areas of sea surface chlorophyll a concentration in the study area, namely the coastal area (0.152 μg/L), the Halmahera Eddy area (0.130 μg/L), and the source area of the North Equatorial Countercurrent (0.109 μg/L). As important carriers, the New Guinea Coastal Current and the Mindanao Current transport near-shore seawater rich in nutrients and jointly flow into the eastward North Equatorial Countercurrent, contributing to the formation of these three high-value areas. At the same time, the upwelling in the center of the cyclonic Mindanao Eddy area lifts nutrient-rich deep seawater to the sea surface, making the chlorophyll a concentration in this area higher (0.059 μg/L) than that in general ocean areas (0.048 μg/L). During different stages of ENSO events, the sea surface chlorophyll a concentration showed obvious changes. During El Niño, the velocity of the New Guinea Coastal Current increased, indirectly leading to an overall increase in sea surface chlorophyll a concentration; during La Niña, the velocity of the New Guinea Coastal Current decreased, indirectly causing an overall decrease in sea surface chlorophyll a concentration. Based on this, this paper extracts two brief response mechanisms between the ecological-hydrological-climate process in the tropical western Pacific and El Niño and La Niña events. This not only highlights the broad prospects of the ENSO cycle in the study of local and global hydrological and climate changes and carbon cycle, but also provides important theoretical support for a comprehensive understanding of the earth system, with far-reaching scientific significance.

Key words: ENSO, surface currents, tropical western Pacific, surface Chl-a concentration.