关键词: 磁暴, Kp指数, 海洋磁测, 影响因素, 地磁观测台站

Abstract: Magnetic storms or magnetic disturbances can interfere with marine magnetic surveys, resulting in a degradation of the quality of information collected. The topic of whether it is possible to reduce the impact of magnetic storms or magnetic disturbances on the marine magnetic survey results is of great interest to the academic community. In this paper, a case study of marine magnetic surveying disturbed by a magnetic storm on 24-25 March 2024 in the western Pacific Ocean was analysed. We collected and collated information from geomagnetic stations contemporaneous with the magnetic storm to understand the state of geomagnetic field at that time. Based on this, we compared and analysed the raw data and pre-processing results of marine magnetic survey data during magnetic storms and repeated measurements after the storms, and then explored the main factors affecting magnetic survey data by magnetic storms and the feasibility of reducing their effects. The studies have shown that it is difficult to eliminate the influence of magnetic storms on the results of measurements using traditional methods of processing marine magnetic survey data. The reason for this is that the technical performance of observation instruments for recording information on geomagnetic diurnal variations, which cannot provide a high-quality and complete record of magnetic storm processes, reduces the effectiveness of post-processing methods for marine magnetic survey data. However, the technical shortcomings of observation instruments can be remedied through technological innovation. Combining the dynamic information of geomagnetic field features during magnetic storms and using AI technology to optimise the pre-processing process of marine magnetic survey data, it is feasible to effectively reduce the impact of magnetic storms on marine magnetic survey data.

Key words: magnetic storms, Kp index, marine magnetometry, influencing factors, geomagnetic observatories