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热带海洋学报

• • 上一篇    

钦州湾表层海水中全氟烷基化合物的时空变化及来源解析

田蜜1, 2, 张健2, 廖日权3, 董凤凤 4, 唐建辉2,3<   

  1. 1. 聊城大学地理与环境学院, 山东 聊城 252000； 

    2. 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所海岸带环境过程与生态修复研究室, 山东 烟台 264003； 

    3. 北部湾大学, 广西北部湾海洋环境变化与灾害研究重点实验室/平陆运河河口海湾生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 广西 钦州 535011； 

    4.上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院, 上海 200240

  • 收稿日期:2025-08-31 修回日期:2025-10-21 接受日期:2025-10-27
  • 通讯作者: 唐建辉
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金区域(山东)创新发展联合基金(U22A20607); 钦州市科技开发计划项目(202116623)

Spatiotemporal variation and source analysis of PFAS in the surface seawater of Qinzhou Bay, South China

TIAN Mi1, 2, ZHANG Jian2, LIAO Riquan3, DONG Fengfeng4, TANG Jianhui2,3   

  1. 1.School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000,China; 2.Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; 3.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change amd Disaster in Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University/Pinglu Canal and Beibu Gulf Coastal Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Qinzhou 535011, China; 4.School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240, China
  • Received:2025-08-31 Revised:2025-10-21 Accepted:2025-10-27
  • Supported by:

     National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20607); The Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of Qinzhou under contract (202116623)

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摘要： 钦州湾连接平陆运河和北部湾，是典型的亚热带半封闭海湾，其生态环境受人类活动影响显著。全氟烷基化合物（PFAS）一类广泛应用于工农业生产和日用化学品行业的化学品，也是一类对生态系统健康有害的新污染物。为研究钦州湾区域海水中PFAS的污染现状，于2023年9月、2024年3月和2024年6月采集了钦州湾（茅尾海和外湾）不同区域的表层水样，分析了其中36种PFAS（包括14种新型的全氟聚醚羧酸类（PFECAs）和22种传统PFAS）的污染特征。结果表明，钦州湾海水中PFAS以PFOA及其短链代替品PFBA为主，总浓度6月高，3月低。受到钦江输入的影响，整体上茅尾海的PFAS污染高于外湾。3月份PFAS在钦江（平陆运河）入海口浓度最高，到6月份整个钦州湾相对3月份整体升高。通过主成分分析方法（PCA）分析PFAS的潜在来源，钦州湾海水中PFAS污染主要来自于氟化工、纺织、造纸、食品包装和涂料等工业和生活污染源。目前，研究区域 PFAS浓度水平对周围环境无显著生态影响，但PFBA的潜在影响应当引起注意。

关键词: 平陆运河, 全氟烷基化合物, 全氟聚醚羧酸类, 时空变化, 源解析

Abstract: Qinzhou Bay, which connects the Pinglu Canal and the Beibu Gulf, is a typical subtropical semi-enclosed bay, and its ecological environment is significantly affected by human activities. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of chemicals widely used in industrial and agricultural production and domestical chemical products, are also emerging contaminants that are toxic to the health of ecosystems. To study the pollution status of PFAS in the seawater of Qinzhou Bay, surface water samples were collected from different areas of Qinzhou Bay (Maowei Sea and the outer bay) in September 2023, March 2024, and June 2024, and the pollution status of 36 PFAS (including 14 emerging Perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs) and 22 legacy PFAS) were analyzed. The results showed that Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its short-chain substitutes-Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) were the main PFAS in the seawater of Qinzhou Bay, with the total concentration being higher in June and lower in March. Due to the influence of the Qin River input, the overall PFAS pollution in Maowei Sea was higher than that in the outer bay. In March, the concentration of PFAS was the highest at the estuary of the Qin River (Pinglu Canal), and by June, the entire Qinzhou Bay had increased compared to March. Through principal component analysis (PCA), the potential sources of PFAS pollution in the seawater of Qinzhou Bay were mainly from industrial and domestic pollution sources such as fluorine chemical industry, textile, papermaking, food packaging, and coatings. Currently, the PFAS concentration levels in the study area have no significant ecological impact on the surrounding environment, but the potential impact of PFBA should be noted.

Key words: Pinglu Canal, Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, Perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids, Sspatial and temporal variation, Source analysis