钦州湾水体中溶解性有机质的组分特征及其来源分析

doi:10.11978/2025202

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 190-202.doi: 10.11978/2025202CSTR: 32234.14.2025202

钦州湾水体中溶解性有机质的组分特征及其来源分析

姜世豪¹(), 廖日权¹^,²^,³(), 牛东蕾⁴, 乔真⁴, 鲁栋梁¹^,²^,³, 唐建辉¹^,²^,⁴

¹ 北部湾大学, 海洋学院, 广西钦州 535011
² 北部湾大学海洋学院, 平陆运河河口海湾生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 广西钦州 535011
³ 北部湾大学海洋学院, 广西海洋环境灾害过程与生态保护技术重点实验室, 广西钦州 535011
⁴ 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 海岸带环境过程与生态修复研究室, 山东烟台 264003

收稿日期:2025-10-27 修回日期:2025-11-17 出版日期:2026-07-10 发布日期:2026-07-31
通讯作者: 廖日权。 email: liaorq@bbgu.edu.cn
作者简介:
姜世豪(2000—), 男, 江苏省淮安人, 硕士研究生, 从事海洋生态研究。email: 1427692174@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42476043); 钦州市科研与技术开发项目(202116623); 中国大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202411607021)

The distribution characteristics, compositions and sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Qinzhou Bay

JIANG Shihao¹(), LIAO Riquan¹^,²^,³(), NIU Donglei⁴, QIAO Zhen⁴, LU Dongliang¹^,²^,³, TANG Jianhui¹^,²^,⁴

¹ College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
² Pinglu Canal and Beibu Gulf Coastal Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
³ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Disaster Processes and Ecological Protection Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
⁴ Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China

Received:2025-10-27 Revised:2025-11-17 Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-07-31
Contact: LIAO Riquan. email: liaorq@bbgu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42476043); Scientific Research and Technology Development project of Qinzhou(202116623); China College Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(S202411607021)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

溶解性有机质(dissolved organic matter, DOM)是生物地球化学反应的重要驱动因子, 河口海湾水体DOM组分特征及其来源对海域生态环境具有重要影响。本研究于2024年8月至2025年6月期间, 以平陆运河—钦州湾入海口为研究区域进行多批次采样, 综合运用紫外-可见吸收光谱与三维荧光光谱-平行因子技术分析采集的样品, 旨在系统解析水体中溶解性有机质的组分特征与来源。研究结果表明, 钦州湾表层水体溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC)范围为1.31~9.14mg·L⁻¹。其中, 2025年2月平均浓度最低, 为(2.11±0.38)mg·L⁻¹, 2024年10月平均浓度最高, 为(7.53±1.43)mg·L⁻¹。同时, 空间上呈现出从平陆运河河口向茅尾海降低, 但湾外浓度有所回升。钦州湾水体中DOM识别出3种荧光组分: 类腐殖质C1(Ex/Em=240/430nm)、类蛋白质C2(Ex/Em=245/300nm)和C3(Ex/Em=250, 275/350nm), 各组分相对占比存在着季节变化。在丰水期, DOM类腐殖质组分(C1)相对占比高达60%~81%, 同时芳香性指数和腐殖化指数(humification index, HIX)显著升高, 表明水体中DOM是由河流输送的大量芳香性强、腐殖化程度高的陆源类腐殖质; 枯水期类蛋白组分(C2+C3)占比超过60%, 芳香性指数(<1.5)和HIX降至极低水平, 而生物源指数(biological index, BIX)升高, 此阶段以内源自生源和人为源为主。盐度与类腐殖质组分C1(r=−0.96, P<0.01)呈显著负相关, 与DOC浓度(r=−0.23, P>0.05)和类酪氨酸组分C2(r=−0.08, P>0.05)无显著相关性, 表明陆源DOM在河口的混合过程复杂。与长江口、黄河口等大型自然河口对比发现, 钦州湾DOM动态同时受到自然水文过程(例如降雨)与高强度人类活动(例如平陆运河疏浚、水产养殖)的共同调控, 体现了典型人为干扰河口的生物地球化学特征。研究结果为理解人类活动影响下河口碳循环的演变提供了支持, 并为平陆运河建设及区域水环境管理与污染控制提供了参考依据。

关键词: 溶解性有机质, 组分特征, 三维荧光光谱, 钦州湾, 平陆运河

Abstract:

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) serves as a key driver in biogeochemical processes. The composition and sources of DOM in estuarine and bay waters significantly influence marine ecosystems. This study was conducted in the estuary area connecting the Pinglu Canal and Qinzhou Bay through multiple sampling campaigns from August 2024 to June 2025. By integrating ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy with three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (3D-EEM-PARAFAC) on collected samples, this study systematically investigated the compositional characteristics and sources of aquatic DOM. The study revealed that the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in the surface water of Qinzhou Bay ranged from 1.31 to 9.14 mg·L⁻¹. The lowest concentration [average (2.11±0.38) mg·L⁻¹] was in February 2025 and the highest concentration [average (7.53±1.43) mg·L⁻¹] was in October 2024. Spatially, DOM concentrations showed a decreasing trend from the Pinglu Canal estuary to the Maowei Sea, but the concentration outside the bay has rebounded. Three fluorescent components were identified in the DOM of Qinzhou Bay: one humic-like component C1 (Ex/Em=240/430 nm), and two protein-like components, C2 (Ex/Em=245/300 nm) and C3 (Ex/Em=250, 275/350 nm), whose relative abundances varied seasonally. During the high-flow period, the relative proportion of the humic-like component (C1) reached 60%-81%, accompanied by significantly elevated aromaticity index and humification index (HIX). This indicates that the DOM pool was dominated by terrestrially derived, highly aromatic and humified substances transported by river inflow. During the low-flow period, protein-like components (C2 and C3) exceeded 70%, while aromaticity index (<1.5) and HIX dropped to extremely low levels; meanwhile, the biological index (BIX) increased, indicating a shift to endogenous and anthropogenic sources. Correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between salinity and humic-like component C1 (r=−0.96, P<0.01), while it showed no significant correlations with the DOC concentration (r=−0.23, P>0.05) and tyrosine-like component C2 (r=−0.08, P>0.05), suggesting that terrestrial DOM shows complex mixing behaviors in estuary. Comparative analysis with large natural estuaries such as the Yangtze River Estuary and the Yellow River Estuary reveals that the dynamics of DOM in Qinzhou Bay are co-regulated by natural hydrological processes (e.g., rainfall) and intensive anthropogenic activities (e.g., canal dredging, aquaculture), reflecting the biogeochemical signatures typical of a heavily human-modified estuary. The results provide support for understanding the evolution of the carbon cycle in estuaries under the influence of human activities and serve as a reference for the construction of Pinglu Canal, as well as for regional water environment management and pollution control.

Key words: dissolved organic matter, compositional characteristics, 3D-EEMs, Qinzhou Bay, Pinglu Canal

中图分类号:

P734

姜世豪, 廖日权, 牛东蕾, 乔真, 鲁栋梁, 唐建辉. 钦州湾水体中溶解性有机质的组分特征及其来源分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(4): 190-202.

JIANG Shihao, LIAO Riquan, NIU Donglei, QIAO Zhen, LU Dongliang, TANG Jianhui. The distribution characteristics, compositions and sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Qinzhou Bay[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(4): 190-202.

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光谱参数	参数定义	指示意义	参考文献
E2/E3	250nm与365nm处紫外吸光度之比	与DOM相对分子量成反比	Wang et al, 2009
a350	350nm处的吸光系数	有色溶解性有机物(chromophoric dissolved organic matter, CDOM)的替代指标和量化参数	Wang et al, 2009
S_R	S_275~295/S_350~400紫外光谱斜率比	与DOM的相对分子质量成反比: S_R>1 表明DOM来源以内生源为主	Spencer et al, 2012
芳香性指数(SUVA₂₅₄)	254nm处紫外吸收系数与DOC浓度比值	与DOM的芳香性与腐殖化程度正相关	Tremblay et al, 2007
FI	当Ex为370nm时, Em在450nm和 500 nm 处的荧光强度(F)的比值	当FI>1.9主要表现为自生源特征, FI<1.4陆源为主要来源	McKnight et al, 2001
BIX	当Ex为310nmn时, Em在380nm 和430nm处的荧光强度比值	BIX>1以自生源为主	Birdwell et al, 2010
HIX	area(Em=435~480nm)/area(Em=300~345nm), Ex=254nm, 其中area为荧光峰面积	与DOM腐殖化程度成正比	Ohno, 2002

区域	采样时间	DOC浓度/(mg·L⁻¹)	CDOM/m⁻¹	参考文献
中国广西钦州湾	2022—2023	1.54~10.01	—	李一鸣, 2024
中国珠江口	2015-05	1.87±0.54	1.99±0.19 (a330)	Li et al, 2019
中国黄浦江	2011-04	4.80±0.57	6.00~6.40(a355)	Guo et al, 2014
中国长江口	2021-05	1.67±0.13	2.20±0.57(a355)	郭丽霞等, 2022
中国黄河口	2017-08	11.00±6.48	29.84±21.37(a254)	Cui et al, 2023
中国广西钦州湾	2024-08至2025-06	1.31~9.14	1.74±1.51(a350)	本研究数据
密西西比河	2009—2010	5.60±0.20	5.75±0.66(a350)	Kolic et al, 2014

钦州湾水体中溶解性有机质的组分特征及其来源分析

The distribution characteristics, compositions and sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Qinzhou Bay

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