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热带海洋学报

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西北太平洋中法海洋卫星有效波高评估

孙新迪1, 丁新月2, 成印河1, 乔文丽1
  

  1. 1. 江苏海洋大学海洋技术与测绘学院, 江苏 连云港, 222000;

    2. 上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院, 上海 201306



  • 收稿日期:2026-06-27 修回日期:2026-07-29 接受日期:2026-08-03
  • 通讯作者: 乔文丽
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42306036), 中国博士后科学基金面上项目 (2023M731396), 江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK20241963)

Validation of CFOSAT Significant Wave Height over the Northwest Pacific

SUN Xindi1, DING Xinyue2, CHENG Yinhe1, QIAO Wenli1   

  1. 1. School of Marine Technology and Geomatics, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China;

    2. College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China



  • Received:2026-06-27 Revised:2026-07-29 Accepted:2026-08-03
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China (42306036); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M731396), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20241963);

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摘要： 为评估中法海洋卫星CFOSAT(China-France Oceanography Satellite)波谱仪 SWIM(surface waves investigation and monitoring)不同有效波高产品在西北太平洋海域的观测性能及适用性, 本文基于2019-2024年日本气象厅漂流浮标观测数据, 构建星下点、6°、8°、10°倾斜波束及合成波谱五类SWH(significant wave height)产品的时空匹配数据集, 并采用相关系数、均方根误差、平均偏差及散布指数等指标对其精度进行系统评估。结果表明, 五类SWIM产品与浮标观测均具有较高一致性, 相关系数均高于0.96, RMSE (root mean square error)介于0.298-0.324m之间, 整体具备较高反演精度, 其中10°倾斜波束产品表现最优, SWH的RMSE为0.298m, BIAS为0.107m; 误差随海况增强整体呈上升趋势, 在中低海况条件下各产品差异相对较小, 其中星下点的精度相对来说较低。而在高海况条件下星下点产品误差相对最小, RMSE为 0.45m; 不同产品在精度与覆盖能力方面存在权衡关系, 10°波束在稳定性与精度方面最优, 合成波谱产品具有最大样本覆盖优势。研究表明, CFOSAT SWIM不同观测几何对海浪反演精度具有系统性影响, 其中倾斜波束整体优于星下点观测, 10°波束在西北太平洋海域具有最佳综合性能。

关键词: 有效波高, 中法海洋卫星, SWIM波谱仪, 漂流浮标, 西北太平洋

Abstract: To evaluate the observational performance and applicability of different significant wave height products from SWIM (Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring) onboard CFOSAT (China-France Oceanography Satellite) over the Northwest Pacific Ocean, this study constructs spatiotemporally matched datasets for five categories of SWH (significant wave height) products, including nadir, 6°, 8°, 10° off-nadir beams and combined wave spectrum products, using drifting buoy observations from the Japan Meteorological Agency spanning 2019 to 2024. Correlation coefficient, RMSE (root mean square error), mean BIAS and scatter index are used to systematically assess retrieval accuracy. The results show that the five SWIM products are highly consistent with buoy measurements. All correlation coefficients exceed 0.96, and the RMSE ranges from 0.298 m to 0.324 m, demonstrating high overall retrieval precision. The 10° off-nadir beam product delivers the best performance, with an SWH RMSE of 0.298 m and a BIAS of 0.107 m. Measurement errors generally increase with growing sea state. The discrepancies among different products are relatively small under moderate and low sea states, and the nadir product has the lowest accuracy among them. In contrast, the nadir product exhibits the smallest error under high sea states, with an RMSE of 0.45 m. There is a trade-off between accuracy and spatial coverage for different products. The 10° beam achieves the optimal stability and precision, while the combined wave spectrum product has the maximum number of matched samples. This study indicates that different observation geometries of CFOSAT SWIM exert systematic effects on wave retrieval accuracy. Off-nadir beam observations are generally superior to nadir measurements, and the 10° beam presents the best comprehensive performance in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.

Key words: Significant wave height (SWH), China-France Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT), SWIM spectrometer, Drifting buoy, Northwestern Pacific