热带东南印度洋春季硅质放射虫残骸群的深度梯度变化*

doi:10.11978/YG2025004

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 60-72.doi: 10.11978/YG2025004CSTR: 32234.14.YG2025004

热带东南印度洋春季硅质放射虫残骸群的深度梯度变化^*

张兰兰¹(), 李彤¹^,², 程夏雯¹^,², PERERA Batagoda Gamage Dumudu Ojithma¹^,², 向荣¹

¹热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 511458
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2025-07-07 修回日期:2025-07-10 出版日期:2026-01-10 发布日期:2026-01-30
通讯作者: 张兰兰。email: llzhang@scsio.ac.cn
作者简介:
张兰兰(1978—), 女, 山东省潍坊市人, 研究员, 主要从事海洋微体古生物现代过程与古海洋研究。email: llzhang@scsio.ac.cn
*感谢国家自然科学基金共享航次计划项目(41649910)资助采集数据及样品, 该航次(NORC2017-10)由“实验3”号科考船实施, 在此一并致谢; 感谢中国科学院中国-斯里兰卡联合科教中心
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42176080); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(42476067); 国家重点研发计划项目(2022-24); 中国科学院南海海洋研究所自主部署项目(SCSIO202201); 国家自然科学基金共享航次计划项目(41649910)

Depth gradient changes in dead polycystine radiolarians in the tropical southeastern Indian Ocean during spring^*

ZHANG Lanlan¹(), LI Tong¹^,², CHENG Xiawen¹^,², PERERA Batagoda Gamage Dumudu Ojitham¹^,², XIANG Rong¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2025-07-07 Revised:2025-07-10 Online:2026-01-10 Published:2026-01-30
Contact: ZHANG Lanlan. email: llzhang@scsio.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176080); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42476067); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022-24); Development Fund of South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of Chinese Academy of Sciences(SCSIO202201); Shiptime Sharing Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(41649910)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

加强对海洋沉降颗粒物的重要组分-硅质放射虫残骸群沿深度梯度变化的观测研究, 可提升深海硅循环过程的认知, 并充分挖掘放射虫在古海洋环境重建中的指示意义。本研究选择热带东南印度洋两个深海区, 利用大型多联网对0~3000m水柱9个水层连续采集样本, 基于虎红染色法与传统形态分析方法, 首次系统揭示该海域硅质放射虫残骸群在不同水层的分布规律: 垂向上, 放射虫残骸群最丰富的层位出现在活体群最高丰度的同一层或下层, 整个水柱垂直分布呈现出三层模式, 其中浅层组为残骸累积层、中层组为稳定沉降层、深层组则为溶解损失层。泡沫虫属种在沉降过程中群落结构的稳定性较高, 而罩笼虫则随着水深增加含量降低, 尤其是在深层密度远低于泡沫虫, 与活体补充数量以及属种沉降特性密切相关。区域上, 放射虫残骸群密度主要受到生产力与区域水动力的影响, 比如, 南部站位100~2000m残骸群的密度、物种数及多样性均高于赤道站位, 与其活体放射虫生产力较高密切有关, 但在2000~3000m深层水中, 南部站位放射虫密度却明显低于赤道站位, 与深层水颗粒物侧向运移密切相关。本研究所获取的放射虫残骸群落数据将为估算热带东印度洋放射虫硅输出通量及其生物泵效应提供重要的观测数据和科学支撑。

关键词: 热带印度洋, 放射虫残骸群, 深度剖面, 梯度变化, 沉降模式

Abstract:

Enhanced observation and research on the vertical settling gradient variation of siliceous radiolarian remains, an important component of marine settling particles, is conducive to understanding the deep-sea silicon cycle process and the indicative significance of radiolarians in paleoceanographic environmental reconstruction. This study selected two deep-sea regions in the tropical southeastern Indian Ocean. Utilizing a Maxi multinet plankton sampler, continuous stratified sampling of the 0-3000 m water column was conducted across nine layers. Based on the Rose Bengal staining method combined with traditional morphological analysis, this research systematically reveals, for the first time, the settling patterns of siliceous radiolarian remains at different water depths in this region. Vertically, the layer with the highest abundance of radiolarian remains occurs either within or directly below the layer with the highest abundance of living radiolarians. The entire settling process consistently displays a three-layer differentiation pattern for radiolarian remains: the shallow layer serves as the accumulation zone, the middle layer constitutes the stable settling zone, and the deep layer functions as the dissolution zone. Spumellarian dominant species exhibit high stability and strong resistance to dissolution during vertical settling, whereas nassellarian content decreases with increasing water depth, particularly in deeper layers. Regionally, variations in radiolarian remains abundance are related not only to their productivity but also local hydrodynamic environments. For instance, at the southern station, the density, species number, and diversity of remains within the 100-2000 m depth interval are significantly higher than those at the equatorial station, closely corresponding to higher living radiolarian productivity. However, within the 2000-3000 m deep water layer, radiolarian density at the southern station is lower than at the equatorial station, which is potentially related to the lateral transport by deep-water dynamics. The quantitative data on radiolarian remains collected in this study will provide crucial observational evidence and scientific support for estimating radiolarian silicon export flux and its biological pump effect in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean.

Key words: tropical Indian Ocean, dead radiolarians, depth profile, gradient change, sedimentation pattern

中图分类号:

Q913

张兰兰, 李彤, 程夏雯, PERERA Batagoda Gamage Dumudu Ojithma, 向荣. 热带东南印度洋春季硅质放射虫残骸群的深度梯度变化^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(1): 60-72.

ZHANG Lanlan, LI Tong, CHENG Xiawen, PERERA Batagoda Gamage Dumudu Ojitham, XIANG Rong. Depth gradient changes in dead polycystine radiolarians in the tropical southeastern Indian Ocean during spring^*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(1): 60-72.

图/表 7

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 41

[1]	程夏雯, 张兰兰, 邱卓雅, 等, 2023. 北印度洋-南海表层水体中浮游动物胶体虫(放射虫)的物种多样性、生物地理及其季节变化[J]. 热带海洋学报, 42(2): 97-112.
	CHENG XIAWEN, ZHANG LANLAN, QIU ZHUOYA, et al, 2023. Biodiversity, biogeography and seasonal variation of zooplankton Collodarians (Radiolaria) in surface waters from the northern Indian Ocean to the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 42(2): 97-112 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]	胡维芬, 张兰兰, 陈木宏, 等, 2014. 南海断面春季放射虫残骸的空间分布及其与表层沉积记录对比[J]. 微体古生物学报, 31(3): 213-227.
	HU WEIFEN, ZHANG LANLAN, CHEN MUHONG, et al, 2014. Spatial distribution of dead radiolarians in spring upper waters of the South China Sea, and its comparison with the surface sediment record[J]. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 31(3): 213-227 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]	胡维芬, 张兰兰, 陈木宏, 等, 2015. 南海断面春季活体放射虫生态分布及其对环境的响应[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 45(1): 83-98.
	HU WEIFEN, ZHANG LANLAN, CHEN MUHONG, et al, 2015. Distribution of living radiolarians in spring in the South China Sea and its responses to environmental factors[J]. Science China: Earth Sciences, 58: 270-285. doi: 10.1007/s11430-014-4950-0
[4]	孙萍, 李艳, 潘玉龙, 等, 2020. 热带东印度洋春季浮游植物群落结构空间特征分析[J]. 海洋学报, 42(8): 76-88.
	SUN PING, LI YAN, PAN YULONG, et al, 2020. Spatial structure characteristics of phytoplankton communities in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean in spring[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 42(8): 76-88 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]	谭智源, 宿星慧, 2003. 中国动物志无脊椎动物第三十二卷放射虫门[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 85-86 (in Chinese).
[6]	薛冰, 孙军, 丁昌玲, 等, 2016. 2014年春季季风间期东印度洋赤道及其邻近海域硅藻群落[J]. 海洋学报, 38(2): 112-120.
	XUE BING, SUN JUN, DING CHANGLING, et al, 2016. Diatom communities in equatorial region and its adjacent areas of eastern Indian Ocean during spring intermonsoon 2014[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 38(2): 112-120 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]	张杰, 张兰兰, 陈木宏, 等, 2020. 现代放射虫的高阶分类现状及其生态学意义[J]. 微体古生物学报, 37(1): 82-98.
	ZHANG JIE, ZHANG LANLAN, CHEN MUHONG, et al, 2020. The higher level classification of modern radiolarians and their ecological significance[J]. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 37(1): 82-98 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]	张兰兰, 程夏雯, 向荣, 等, 2023. 2019年春季孟加拉湾中部放射虫群落结构垂向变化[J]. 热带海洋学报, 42(4): 166-175.
	ZHANG LANLAN, CHENG XIAWEN, XIANG RONG, et al, 2023. Changes of radiolarian community structure with depth in the central Bay of Bengal in spring 2019[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 42(4): 166-175 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]	ABELMANN A, GOWING M M, 1996. Horizontal and vertical distribution pattern of living radiolarians along a transect from the Southern Ocean to the South Atlantic subtropical region[J]. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 43(3): 361-382. doi: 10.1016/0967-0637(96)00003-9
[10]	ABRAM N J, HARGREAVES J A, WRIGHT N M, et al, 2020. Palaeoclimate perspectives on the Indian Ocean Dipole[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 237: 106302. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106302
[11]	BENSON R N, 1966. Recent Radiolaria from the Gulf of California[D]. Twin Cities: Minnesota University.
[12]	BOLTOVSKOY D, CORREA N, 2016. Biogeography of Radiolaria Polycystina (Protista) in the world ocean[J]. Progress in Oceanography, 149: 82-105. doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2016.09.006
[13]	BOLTOVSKOY D, OBERHÄNSLI H, WEFER G, 1996. Radiolarian assemblages in the eastern tropical Atlantic: patterns in the plankton and in sediment trap samples[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 8(1-2): 31-51. doi: 10.1016/0924-7963(95)00038-0
[14]	DENNETT M R, CARON D A, MICHAELS A F, et al, 2002. Video plankton recorder reveals high abundances of colonial Radiolaria in surface waters of the central North Pacific[J]. Journal of Plankton Research, 24(8): 797-805. doi: 10.1093/plankt/24.8.797
[15]	DU YAN, WANG FAN, WANG TIANYU, et al, 2023. Multi-scale ocean dynamical processes in the Indo-Pacific Convergence Zone and their climatic and ecological effects[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 237: 104313. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104313
[16]	GEORGE J V, NUNCIO M, CHACKO R, et al, 2013. Role of physical processes in chlorophyll distribution in the western tropical Indian Ocean. Journal of Marine Systems, 113-114(1): 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.12.001
[17]	GUPTA S M, 2003. Orbital frequencies in radiolarian assemblages of the central Indian Ocean: implications on the Indian summer monsoon[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 197(1-2): 97-112. doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00388-2
[18]	HAECKEL E, 1887. Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876[R]. Edinburgh: University of Jena.
[19]	HALLETT L M, JONES S K, MACDONALD A A M, et al, 2016. Codyn: an R package of community dynamics metrics[J]. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 7(10): 1146-1151. doi: 10.1111/mee3.2016.7.issue-10
[20]	ISHITANI Y, TAKAHASHI K, 2007. The vertical distribution of Radiolaria in the waters surrounding Japan[J]. Marine Micropaleontology, 65(3-4): 113-136. doi: 10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.06.002
[21]	ITAKI T, 2003. Depth-related radiolarian assemblage in the water-column and surface sediments of the Japan Sea[J]. Marine Micropaleontology, 47(3-4): 253-270. doi: 10.1016/S0377-8398(02)00119-6
[22]	JOHNSON G C, 2008. Quantifying Antarctic bottom water and north Atlantic deep water volumes[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 113(C5): 2007JC004477.
[23]	LEUNG J C H, ZHANG BANGLIN, GAN QIUYING, et al, 2022. Differential expansion speeds of Indo-Pacific warm pool and deep convection favoring pool under greenhouse warming[J]. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 5: 97. doi: 10.1038/s41612-022-00315-w
[24]	LIU JIAXING, ZHOU LINBIN, LI JIAJUN, et al, 2020. Effect of mesoscale eddies on diazotroph community structure and nitrogen fixation rates in the South China Sea[J]. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 35: 101106. doi: 10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101106
[25]	MAECHLER M, ROUSSEEUW P, STRUYF A, et al, 2012. Cluster: cluster analysis basics and extensions. R package version 2. 1. 4[Z].
[26]	MAKARIM S, SPRINTALL J, LIU ZHIYU, et al, 2019. Previously unidentified Indonesian Throughflow pathways and freshening in the Indian Ocean during recent decades[J]. Scientific Reports, 9: 7364. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43841-z pmid: 31089167
[27]	MATSUZAKI K M, ITAKI T, SUGISAKI S, 2020. Polycystine radiolarians vertical distribution in the subtropical northwest Pacific during spring 2015 (KS15-4)[J]. Paleontological Research, 24(2): 113.
[28]	MONFERRER N L, BOLTOVSKOY D, TRÉGUER P et al, 2020. Estimating biogenic silica production of Rhizaria in the global ocean[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 34(4): e2019GB006286.
[29]	OKSANEN J, SIMPSON G L, BLANCHET F G, et al, 2024. Vegan: community ecology package. R package version 2. 6-6. 1[Z]. https://github.com/vegandevs/vegan.
[30]	POPOFSKY A, 1913. Die Nassellarien des warm-wassergebietes. Deutsche sudpolar-expedition 1901-1903[M]. Berlin: De Gruyter.
[31]	POPOVA I M, 1989. Possible Influence of the Kuroshio Current on the distribution of Radiolarian shells in bottom sediments[J]. Geology of the Pacific Ocean, 4: 863-869.
[32]	QIU ZHUOYA, ZHANG LANLAN, XIANG RONG, et al, 2021. Biodiversity of radiolarians in surface sediments from the East Indian Ocean and their implication for water masses[J]. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 177: 103625. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2021.103625
[33]	QIU ZHUOYA, ZHANG LANLAN, YANG YIPING, et al, 2024. Significant terrigenous dilution affected biogenic deposits in the Bay of Bengal during the last deglaciation to glaciation[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 238: 104477. doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104477
[34]	ROGERS J, DE DECKKER P, 2011. Environmental reconstructions of the upper 500 m of the southern Indian Ocean over the last 40 ka using Radiolarian (Protista) proxies[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 30(7-8): 876-886. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.01.006
[35]	SCHMITZ W J, 1995. On the interbasin-scale thermohaline circulation[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 33(2): 151-173. doi: 10.1029/95RG00879
[36]	SHANNON C E, 1948. A mathematical theory of communication[J]. The Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3): 379-423. doi: 10.1002/bltj.1948.27.issue-3
[37]	TAKAHASHI K, 1983. Radiolaria: Sinking population, standing stock, and production rate[J]. Marine Micropaleontology, 8(3): 171-181. doi: 10.1016/0377-8398(83)90022-1
[38]	TAKAHASHI K, HONJO S, 1983. Radiolarian skeletons: size, weight, sinking speed, and residence time in tropical pelagic oceans[J]. Deep Sea Research Part A Oceanographic Research Papers, 30(5): 543-568. doi: 10.1016/0198-0149(83)90088-2
[39]	TAUCHER J, BACH L T, PROWE, et al, 2022. Enhanced silica export in a future ocean triggers global diatom decline[J]. Nature, 605: 696-700. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04687-0
[40]	ZHANG JIE, ZHANG LANLAN, XIANG RONG, et al, 2020. Radiolarian biogeographic contrast between spring of 2017 and winter of 2017-2018 in the South China Sea and Malacca Strait[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 208: 104245. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2020.104245
[41]	ZHANG LANLAN, SUZUKI N, NAKAMURA Y, et al, 2018. Modern shallow water radiolarians with photosynthetic microbiota in the western North Pacific[J]. Marine Micropaleontology, 139: 1-27. doi: 10.1016/j.marmicro.2017.10.007

热带东南印度洋春季硅质放射虫残骸群的深度梯度变化^*

Depth gradient changes in dead polycystine radiolarians in the tropical southeastern Indian Ocean during spring^*

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 7

参考文献 41

相关文章 4

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	张涟漪, 张玉红, 杜岩. ENSO与内部变率对印度洋偶极子影响的估算^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(1): 91-104.
[2]	储小青, 彭启华. 沿岸风和海洋波动在北向索马里流生成中的作用[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2023, 42(2): 1-8.
[3]	陈云帆, 陈天然, 龙上敏, 陈泽生, 杜岩. 4个代表站点的珊瑚δ¹⁸O数据对热带印度洋气候变率的反演能力分析^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2022, 41(1): 82-93.
[4]	张国胜, 张彪, 杜岩, 王蕾. 基于卫星高度计资料提取热带印度洋Rossby波传播速度与变形半径[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2014, 33(5): 22-27.

热带东南印度洋春季硅质放射虫残骸群的深度梯度变化*

Depth gradient changes in dead polycystine radiolarians in the tropical southeastern Indian Ocean during spring*

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 7

参考文献 41

相关文章 4

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

热带东南印度洋春季硅质放射虫残骸群的深度梯度变化^*

Depth gradient changes in dead polycystine radiolarians in the tropical southeastern Indian Ocean during spring^*