中国海域双锥芋螺属Conasprella (Gastropoda, Conidae)近似种的比较研究

doi:10.11978/2024165

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 145-165.doi: 10.11978/2024165

中国海域双锥芋螺属Conasprella (Gastropoda, Conidae)近似种的比较研究

何晨¹^,²(), 王佳宁¹^,², 陈志云¹(), 谭烨辉¹^,²

1.中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 南海海洋生物标本馆, 广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室, 广东广州 510301
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-08-28 修回日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-07-10 发布日期:2025-07-31
通讯作者: 陈志云
作者简介:
何晨(1999—), 男, 广东省佛山市人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向: 海洋贝类分类学。email: tingsaki@outlook.com
基金资助:
中国科学院分类学科学家岗位项目(CAS-TAX-24-043); 国家动物标本资源库

Comparative study on Conasprella cones species in Chinese waters

HE Chen¹^,²(), WANG Jianing¹^,², CHEN Zhiyun¹(), TAN Yehui¹^,²

1. Marine Biodiversity Collection of South China Sea, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2024-08-28 Revised:2024-09-18 Online:2025-07-10 Published:2025-07-31
Contact: CHEN Zhiyun
Supported by:
Taxonomist Project, Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS-TAX-24-043); National Animal Collection Resource Center, China

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究比较了双锥芋螺属Conasprella的欧氏芋螺Conasprella orbignyi (Audouin, 1831)与其近似种龙王芋螺Conasprella ichinoseana (Kuroda, 1956)、昏芋螺Conasprella comatose (Pilsbry, 1904)、郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi (Tomlin, 1936)、柳斑芋螺Conasprella longurionis (Kiener, 1847)和南方芋螺Conus australis Holten, 1802之间的形态差异, 报道了郝伍德芋螺和柳斑芋螺在国内的新分布地点。通过几何形态学对这些易混淆种进行分析, 对欧氏芋螺、柳斑芋螺、郝伍德芋螺和南方芋螺外轮廓的几何形态数据进行主成分分析, 揭示了这4种芋螺在外轮廓上的差异; 典型变量分析的结果进一步显示, 外轮廓的几何形态对欧氏芋螺和南方芋螺有良好的判别效果, 对南方芋螺和欧氏芋螺的判别正确率分别为100.00%和92.86%。对柳斑芋螺和郝伍德芋螺的体螺层螺肋几何形态进行主成分分析, 发现前者螺旋部更高、体螺层更宽、基部距离更短、体螺层各个螺肋之间距离更宽, 而后者螺旋部低、体螺层更窄、基部距离更长、体螺层上各个螺肋之间距离更窄; 典型变量分析的进一步结果显示体螺层的地标点对极易混淆的柳斑芋螺和郝伍德芋螺具有良好的判别效果, 正确率分别是87.50%和88.89%。对柳斑芋螺和郝伍德芋螺的螺旋部几何形态进行主成分分析, 二者未明显分离; 典型变量分析的进一步结果显示对二者判别与基于体螺层螺肋几何形态的判别结果一致。对柳斑芋螺和郝伍德芋螺的壳口几何形态进行主成分分析, 二者未明显分离; 典型变量分析的进一步结果显示对二者判别正确率分别是62.50%和77.78%, 壳口并不是区分鉴定柳斑芋螺和郝伍德芋螺这一对易混淆种的有效依据。本研究为芋螺近似种和易混淆种的区分提供了新的鉴别方法。

关键词: 分类学, 腹足纲, 芋螺科, 双锥芋螺属, 几何形态测量学

Abstract:

To distinguish related species of conasprella cones in Chinese waters, we compared the morphological differences among Conasprella orbignyi (Audouin, 1831), Conasprella ichinoseana (Kuroda, 1956), Conasprella comatosa (Pilsbry, 1904), Conasprella hopwoodi (Tomlin, 1936), Conasprella longurionis (Kiener, 1847) and Conus australis Holten, 1802. We also identified new distribution records for Conasprella hopwoodi and Conasprella longurionis in Chinese waters. Geometric morphometric methods were employed to analyze shell shape differences among these species. Principal component analysis (PCA) of shell outlines revealed distinct differences among Conasprella orbignyi, Conasprella longurionis, Conasprella hopwoodi, and Conus australis. Canonical variate analysis (CVA) demonstrated that the shell outlines effectively discriminate Conus australis and Conasprella orbignyi, with identification accuracy rates of 100.00% and 92.86%, respectively. PCA of spiral rib morphology on the body whorl of Conasprella longurionis and Conasprella hopwoodi indicated that the former exhibits a higher spire, wider body whorl, shorter base, and greater distances between spiral ribs, while the latter shows the opposite trends. CVA results indicated that body whorl landmarks effectively distinguish the two species, with accuracy rates of 87.50% for C. longurionis and 88.89% for C. hopwoodi. PCA of spire geometry revealed no significant separation between C. longurionis and C. hopwoodi, and CVA results aligned with those based on body whorl morphology. Similarly, PCA of aperture geometry showed no significant separation, and CVA yielded lower discrimination accuracy (62.50% and 77.78%, respectively), indicating that the aperture is not a reliable diagnostic feature for these species. This study provides a new supplementary method for identifying similar and easily confused species of conids.

Key words: taxonomy, Gastropoda, Conidae, Conasprella, geometric morphometry

中图分类号:

P735

何晨, 王佳宁, 陈志云, 谭烨辉. 中国海域双锥芋螺属Conasprella (Gastropoda, Conidae)近似种的比较研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(4): 145-165.

HE Chen, WANG Jianing, CHEN Zhiyun, TAN Yehui. Comparative study on Conasprella cones species in Chinese waters[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(4): 145-165.

图/表 24

表1

芋螺研究材料"

物种	标本号	数量	采集地	采集人	采集时间
南方芋螺 Conus australis	SCSMBC006351	1	汕尾遮浪	林碧萍	1980-12-19
南方芋螺 Conus australis	SCSMBC008637	2	南海北部	晏磊	2016-09-09
南方芋螺 Conus australis	SCSMBC008638	1	东海南部拖网	王洋	2017-12
南方芋螺 Conus australis	SCSMBC008639	1	东海南部拖网	王洋	2017-12
昏芋螺 Conus comatosa	DH24070909	1	浙江东海120m水深拖网	何径	2010
昏芋螺 Conus comatosa	DH24070913	1	浙江东海120m水深拖网	何径	2010
昏芋螺 Conus comatosa	DH24070914	1	浙江东海120m水深拖网	何径	2010
龙王芋螺Conasprella ichinoseana	SCMSBC008640	1	东海南部150~180m泥沙海底拖网	南海所	2015-04
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	SCMSBC006413	1	汕尾遮浪	林碧萍	1980-12-19
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	SCMSBC008645	1	东海南部150~180m泥沙海底拖网	王洋	2018-03
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	SCMSBC008646	1	东海南部150~180m泥沙海底拖网	王洋	2018-03
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	SCMSBC008647	1	东海南部150~180m泥沙海底拖网	王洋	2018-03
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070901	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070902	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070903	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070904	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070905	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070906	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070907	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070908	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070909	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070911	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
欧氏芋螺 Conasprella orbignyi	DH24070912	1	东海南部海底拖网	何径	2010s
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006302	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006314	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006315	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006323	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006325	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006326	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006327	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006331	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006367	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006368	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
郝伍德芋螺Conasprella hopwoodi	SCSMBC006369	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006334	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006335	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006343	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006348	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006354	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006355	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006359	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006360	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006361	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006362	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19
柳斑芋螺 Conasprella longurionis	SCMSBC006364	1	汕尾遮浪	南海海洋研究所	1980-12-19

表1

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图5

图6

图7

图8

表2

图9

图10

图11

表3

表4

图12

图13

表5

表6

图14

表7

表8

图15

表9

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主成分	特征值	解释总体变异比例/%	累计变异比例/%
1	0.0006444	48.917	48.917
2	0.0002237	16.981	65.898
3	0.0001458	11.069	76.967
4	0.0000740	5.615	82.582
5	0.0000427	3.245	85.827

主成分	特征值	解释总体变异比例/%	累计变异比例/%
1	0.0478982	82.155	82.155
2	0.00512319	8.787	90.942
3	0.001751	3.003	93.946
4	0.00106792	1.832	95.777

初步鉴定结果	判别结果		合计	正确率/%	平均正确率/%
初步鉴定结果	郝伍德芋螺	柳斑芋螺	合计	正确率/%	平均正确率/%
郝伍德芋螺	8	1	9	88.89	88.19
柳斑芋螺	1	7	8	87.50	88.19

主成分	特征值	解释总体变异比例/%	累计变异比例/%
1	0.001365	70.920	70.920
2	0.000256	13.273	84.193
3	0.000134	6.939	91.132
4	0.000078	4.050	95.182

初步鉴定结果	判别结果		合计	正确率/%	平均正确率/%
初步鉴定结果	郝伍德芋螺	柳斑芋螺	合计	正确率/%	平均正确率/%
郝伍德芋螺	8	1	9	88.89	88.19
柳斑芋螺	1	7	8	87.50	88.19

中国海域双锥芋螺属Conasprella (Gastropoda, Conidae)近似种的比较研究

Comparative study on Conasprella cones species in Chinese waters

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初步鉴定结果	判别结果				合计	正确率/%	平均正确率/%
初步鉴定结果	郝伍德芋螺	柳斑芋螺	欧氏芋螺	南方芋螺	合计	正确率/%	平均正确率/%
郝伍德芋螺	7	4	0	0	11	63.64	82.87
柳斑芋螺	3	9	0	0	12	75.00
欧氏芋螺	0	1	13	0	14	92.86
南方芋螺	0	0	0	5	5	100.00

主成分	特征值	解释总体变异比例/%	累计变异比例/%
1	0.000120845	32.701	32.701
2	0.0000693704	18.772	51.473
3	0.0000602704	16.309	67.782
4	0.0000291218	7.880	75.662
5	0.0000164304	4.446	80.108

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