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热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 39-49.doi: 10.11978/2025094CSTR: 32234.14.2025094

• 海洋水文学 • 上一篇    下一篇

类海啸波复杂珊瑚礁水动力特性三维数值模拟研究

张泽1(), 屈科1,2,3(), 王傲宇1, 李玮1, 王超1   

  1. 1 长沙理工大学, 水利与海洋工程学院, 湖南 长沙 410114
    2 洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点试验室, 湖南 长沙 410114
    3 水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点试验室, 湖南 长沙 410114
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-01 修回日期:2025-10-26 出版日期:2026-05-10 发布日期:2026-05-28
  • 通讯作者: 屈科 (1985—), 男, 陕西省咸阳市人, 副教授, 主要从事全尺度海洋水动力研究。email: kqu@csust.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:

    张泽 (2002—), 男, 河北省秦皇岛市人, 硕士研究生, 主要从事波浪水动力研究。email:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022-36)

Three-dimensional numerical investigation of hydrodynamic characteristics over complex coral reefs with tsunami-like waves

ZHANG Ze1(), QU Ke1,2,3(), WANG Aoyu1, LI Wei1, WANG Chao1   

  1. 1 School of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
    2 Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Environmental Governance and Ecological Restoration of Dongting Lake, Changsha 410114, China
    3 Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
  • Received:2025-07-01 Revised:2025-10-26 Online:2026-05-10 Published:2026-05-28
  • Contact: QU Ke. email: kqu@csust.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022-36)

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摘要：

珊瑚礁作为天然的海岸屏障, 凭借其复杂的结构和独特的物理特性, 在消波防浪, 减轻海岸侵蚀方面发挥重要作用, 相关研究受到学界广泛关注。然而, 现有研究多采用二维断面斜坡-台阶地形来概化珊瑚礁地形并建立数值模型, 这与实际珊瑚礁的复杂地貌特征存在显著差异。本研究通过实地观测大量珊瑚礁地形发现, 礁坪表面普遍存在非平整特性, 这会影响类海啸波在珊瑚礁区域的传播演变过程。为此, 本研究采用FUNWAVE-TVD (finite volume wave propagation in two or three dimensions with total variation diminishing)模型搭建高精度数值水槽, 系统研究类海啸波在三维非平整地形上的传播演变特征。结果表明: (1)类海啸波在凸起礁坪前产生壅水, 进入非平整区后在绕射作用下横向扩展, 波幅与波高随之变化; (2)越过过渡截面时水体外泄并向两侧扩散, 局部水位下降, 波高呈先增大后减小的特征。入射波高的增加强化了壅水与能量交换, 绕射与横向效应更加明显; 水深增加则导致壅水增强而流速降低。这些研究成果为珊瑚礁防护和可持续开发利用提供了重要的理论依据和技术支持。

关键词: FUNWAVE-TVD, 类海啸波, 复杂珊瑚礁, 水动力特性, 三维数值模拟

Abstract:

As natural coastal barriers, coral reefs play a crucial role in dissipating waves and mitigating coastal erosion due to their complex structure and unique physical characteristics, which have increasingly garnered extensive attention in academic research. However, existing studies often utilize two-dimensional sloped-step topography to represent coral reef morphology in numerical models, which significantly deviates from the actual complex geomorphological features of coral reefs. Through extensive field observations of various coral reef terrains, this study reveals that the surfaces of reef flats generally exhibit non-uniform characteristics, which affect the propagation and evolution of tsunami-like waves in coral reef areas. Therefore, this research employs the finite volume wave propagation in two or three dimensions with total variation diminishing model (FUNWAVE-TVD) to establish a high-precision numerical flume, systematically investigating the propagation and evolution characteristics of tsunami-like waves over three-dimensional non-uniform topography. The results indicate that: (a) Tsunami-like waves create water accumulation in front of elevated reef flats and, upon entering non-uniform areas, laterally expand under diffraction, with wave amplitude and height changing accordingly; and (b) as they cross the transitional section, water spills out and disperses sideways, leading to a localized decrease in water level with wave height initially increasing and then decreasing. An increase in incident wave height enhances water accumulation and energy exchange, making diffraction and lateral effects more pronounced; increased water depth leads to strengthened water accumulation and reduced flow velocity. These research findings provide significant theoretical foundations and technical support for the protection and sustainable development of coral reefs.

Key words: FUNWAVE-TVD, tsunami-like wave, complex coral reefs, hydrodynamic characteristics, three-dimensional numerical simulation

中图分类号: 

  • P737.2