基于卫星影像的湛江湾水动力环境演变特征分析

doi:10.11978/2025140

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 50-60.doi: 10.11978/2025140CSTR: 32234.14.2025140

基于卫星影像的湛江湾水动力环境演变特征分析

关焯强¹^,²(), 杨涛³, 谢玲玲¹^,⁴, 李君益¹^,²()

¹ 近海海洋变化与灾害预警实验室(广东海洋大学), 广东湛江 524088
² 空间海洋遥感与应用重点实验室(国家卫星海洋应用中心), 广东湛江 524088
³ 92682 部队, 广东湛江 524003
⁴ 陆架及深远海气候资源与环境广东省高校重点实验室(广东海洋大学), 广东湛江 524088

收稿日期:2025-08-20 修回日期:2025-11-01 出版日期:2026-05-10 发布日期:2026-05-28
通讯作者: 李君益。email: junyiocean@outlook.com
作者简介:
关焯强(2000—)男, 广东省佛山市人, 硕士研究生, 从事物理海洋学研究。email: 2112202038@stu.gdou.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42276019); 国家自然科学基金(42476027); 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2024A1515012572); 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2025A1515010741); 广东普通高校创新团队项目(2023KCXTD015); 粤西热带海洋生态环境广东省野外科学观测研究站(2024B1212040008)

Analysis of hydrodynamic environment evolution characteristics in Zhanjiang Bay based on satellite images

GUAN Zhuoqiang¹^,²(), YANG Tao³, XIE Lingling¹^,⁴, LI Junyi¹^,²()

¹ Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction (Guangdong Ocean University), Zhanjiang 524088, China
² Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application (National Satellite Ocean Application Service), Zhanjiang 524088, China
³ 92682 Military, Zhanjiang 524003, China
⁴ Resource and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea (Guangdong Ocean University), Zhanjiang 524088, China

Received:2025-08-20 Revised:2025-11-01 Online:2026-05-10 Published:2026-05-28
Contact: LI Junyi. email: junyiocean@outlook.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42276019); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42476027); Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012572); Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515010741); Innovation Team Plan for Universities in Guangdong Province(2023KCXTD015); Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Tropical Ocean Environment in Western Coastal Waters(2024B1212040008)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湛江作为广东沿海经济带的重要发展极, 近几十年来大规模产业集聚区建设对湛江湾水动力环境产生了显著影响。鉴于潮汐动力驱动的纳潮过程和水交换能力是海湾环境演变的关键控制因素, 深入研究这些参数的变化规律对实现区域可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究利用1986—2024年间获取的110景Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像及海图资料, 通过归一化水体指数与人工勾绘相结合的方式提取水域范围, 并基于2020年验潮站数据的调和分析获取潮汐参数, 系统分析了湛江湾平均高、低潮水域面积、纳潮量的时序演变特征及水交换规律。研究表明湛江湾纳潮量总体呈下降趋势, 从5.0×10⁸m³减少至4.2×10⁸m³, 其中1994—2001年与2014—2021年两时段略有回升, 而2002—2009年间减少最为显著。水域面积与潮位呈正相关关系(r=0.44~0.86), 纳潮率由2010—2013年的24.8%下降至2022—2024年的22.7%; 而海水半交换周期在2006年前稳定在13d左右, 之后逐渐延长至15d。围海造陆导致的潮间带减少是水交换能力下降的主要因素。

关键词: 卫星影像, 纳潮量, 半交换周期, 海湾稳定性

Abstract:

Zhanjiang is an important growth pole of the Guangdong coastal economic belt. Industrial development has had a significant impact on the hydrodynamic environment of Zhanjiang Bay. Since water exchange capacity driven by tidal currents is a key factor in the evolution of the bay environment, studying the variations of these parameters is important for regional sustainable development. Based on nautical charts and 110 satellite images from Landsat TM/OLI during 1986-2024, we extracted water areas using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and human-computer interaction. Tide levels were calculated through harmonic analysis using tidal gauge data from 2020. We then analyzed the temporal evolution characteristics of the average high and low tide areas and tidal inflow volumes in Zhanjiang Bay. The results show that the tidal prism of Zhanjiang Bay decreased from 500 to 420 million cubic meters during 1986—2024, with slight increases during 1994—2001 and 2014—2021. The tidal prism had notable decreases during 2002—2009. The area of tidal zones was positively correlated with tide level (r=0.44-0.86). The tidal prism rate decreased from 24.8% in 2010—2013 to 22.7% in 2022—2024, while the water half-exchange period remained stable at around 13 days before 2006, after which it gradually extended to 15 days. The reduction of intertidal zones caused by land reclamation is the main factor leading to the decline in water exchange capacity.

Key words: satellite images, tidal prism, half-exchange period, bay stability

中图分类号:

P731.2

关焯强, 杨涛, 谢玲玲, 李君益. 基于卫星影像的湛江湾水动力环境演变特征分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(3): 50-60.

GUAN Zhuoqiang, YANG Tao, XIE Lingling, LI Junyi. Analysis of hydrodynamic environment evolution characteristics in Zhanjiang Bay based on satellite images[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(3): 50-60.

图/表 8

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成像时间	潮位/m	成像时间	潮位/m	成像时间	潮位/m	成像时间	潮位/m	成像时间	潮位/m
1986/7/28	2.48	1992/7/12	4.24	1998/4/24	4.17	2007/1/27	2.61	2016/12/5	2.81
1987/2/5	2.54	1992/8/29	4.93	1998/5/26	5.10	2007/4/1	4.22	2017/1/22	2.85
1987/4/10	3.69	1992/9/14	4.03	1998/10/17	4.30	2007/7/6	3.06	2017/12/8	2.37
1987/6/29	4.17	1992/9/30	2.96	1999/11/21	4.34	2008/3/2	3.16	2018/6/18	3.68
1987/7/15	3.29	1992/10/16	2.91	1999/12/23	3.72	2008/11/13	4.32	2019/9/25	3.47
1987/12/6	3.24	1993/2/5	3.76	2000/11/7	3.43	2009/8/28	2.59	2019/10/11	4.42
1987/12/22	2.85	1993/5/28	2.78	2001/2/11	2.72	2009/10/15	3.88	2019/11/28	3.68
1988/6/15	4.80	1993/9/1	4.76	2001/11/26	3.38	2009/10/31	4.10	2020/5/6	4.63
1988/7/17	4.02	1993/12/6	3.42	2002/5/21	2.89	2010/11/19	3.86	2020/6/23	4.79
1988/11/6	4.01	1994/1/23	3.05	2002/9/10	3.79	2010/12/5	3.95	2021/1/1	3.07
1988/11/22	4.27	1995/7/5	2.44	2002/10/12	2.51	2011/11/6	3.47	2021/12/3	4.21
1988/12/8	3.71	1995/9/23	4.81	2003/3/5	3.32	2013/4/5	3.00	2022/9/9	5.15
1989/2/26	3.25	1995/10/25	4.00	2003/6/25	3.20	2013/10/26	2.89	2022/10/11	4.69
1989/7/4	4.87	1995/11/26	2.47	2003/12/2	2.72	2014/10/13	2.89	2022/12/14	2.63
1989/8/5	3.78	1995/12/12	2.64	2004/10/17	3.40	2014/11/14	2.79	2022/12/22	3.83
1989/11/25	3.75	1996/3/17	4.06	2004/11/2	2.86	2015/1/1	2.97	2022/12/30	2.28
1990/1/12	2.96	1996/5/20	4.07	2004/12/4	2.60	2015/1/17	3.20	2023/5/31	3.23
1991/5/23	2.90	1996/10/11	4.65	2005/1/21	3.09	2015/2/2	3.77	2023/10/14	4.72
1991/9/12	3.23	1996/10/27	4.39	2005/10/20	3.50	2015/6/26	2.63	2023/11/7	3.08
1991/10/30	2.50	1996/11/12	3.90	2006/1/24	2.76	2015/9/30	4.37	2023/11/15	3.66
1991/11/15	2.78	1997/3/4	3.00	2006/10/23	4.21	2015/10/16	3.79	2023/11/23	3.07
1992/1/18	3.65	1997/6/8	4.08	2006/12/10	2.39	2016/11/3	3.54	2024/2/11	3.50

基于卫星影像的湛江湾水动力环境演变特征分析

Analysis of hydrodynamic environment evolution characteristics in Zhanjiang Bay based on satellite images

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