南海北部琼东南盆地浅表层沉积物的地球化学特征及对沉积环境的指示*

doi:10.11978/2017091

热带海洋学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 70-80.doi: 10.11978/2017091CSTR: 32234.14.2017091

所属专题：南海专题

南海北部琼东南盆地浅表层沉积物的地球化学特征及对沉积环境的指示^*

孙甜甜^1,²(), 邬黛黛^2,³(), 潘梦迪², 杨飞², 吴能友^3,⁴, 陈雪刚¹, 刘丽华²

1. 浙江大学海洋学院, 浙江舟山 316021
2. 中国科学院天然气水合物重点实验室, 中国科学院广州能源研究所, 广东广州 510640
3. 海洋国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室, 山东青岛 266071
4. 国土资源部天然气水合物重点实验室, 青岛海洋地质研究所, 山东青岛 266071

收稿日期:2017-08-29 修回日期:2017-10-10 出版日期:2018-07-20 发布日期:2018-07-16
作者简介:
作者简介：孙甜甜(1992—), 女, 安徽省宿州市人, 硕士研究生, 主要从事海洋地质学和地球化学研究。E-mail: sutt@ms.giec.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41273022);中国石油-中国科学院科技合作项目(2015A-4813);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2014321);青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室开放基金(KC201703)

Geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in the Southern Qiongdongnan Basin of the northern South China Sea and its implication for sedimentary environment^*

Tiantian SUN^1,²(), Daidai WU^2,³(), Mengdi PAN², Fei YANG², Nengyou WU^3,⁴, Xuegang CHENG¹, Lihua LIU²

1. Ocean College of Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
2. Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
3. Evaluation and Detection Technology Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Sciences and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
4. Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China

Received:2017-08-29 Revised:2017-10-10 Online:2018-07-20 Published:2018-07-16
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41273022);PetroChina-Chinese Academy of Sciences Science and Technology Cooperation Project (2015A-4813);Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Innovation Association (2014321);Open Fund of the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (KC201703)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南海北部琼东南盆地海底存在着巨型麻坑, 现有研究多认为其形成主要与海底流体渗漏有关。目前对琼东南盆地深海沉积物地球化学特征及麻坑区的生物地球化学过程等尚不清楚。文章选取南海北部琼东南盆地C14、C19两个站位岩心样品, 进行了总硫(TS)、总碳(TC)、总有机碳(TOC)、铬还原性硫化物(CRS)及其δ³⁴S_CRS值测试, 并结合总氮/总碳(TN/TOC)比值和已发表的孔隙水中SO₄^2-浓度等进行了地球化学特征分析。研究表明: C14站位以3.91m bsf (below seafloor)为界, 上下分别存在有机质参与的硫酸盐还原反应(OSR)和甲烷厌氧氧化作用(AOM)驱动的硫酸盐还原反应(SR); 3.91m bsf以上的部位沉积物的TS、TC含量均低于3.91m bsf以下部位, 且沉积物孔隙水中SO₄^2-浓度由3.91m bsf以上的缓慢凹型减少变成3.91m bsf以下的线性减少, 说明该处成为沉积物中地球化学特征分界的明显标志; 在3.91m bsf以下, 受到甲烷渗漏的影响。C19站位沉积物中TS与TC含量由浅到深逐渐增加, 但与TN/TOC比值变化呈现几乎相反趋势, 即整个岩心以OSR为主, 并呈现出有机质早期成岩阶段的沉积现象。C14和C19两个站位柱状沉积物的δ³⁴S_CRS值变化范围分别为-50.2‰~-46.9‰和-50.1‰~-42.0‰ (V-CDT标准), 均显示出了较为偏负的硫同位素值, 表明研究区主要的生物化学过程是在相对开放体系下硫酸盐还原作用的结果, 综合说明该研究区麻坑的甲烷流体已经喷发, 目前可能处于衰退期, 甚至已经不活跃, 该结果与前人的认识基本一致。

关键词: 铬还原性硫化物, 硫同位素值, 甲烷厌氧氧化作用, 硫酸盐还原反应, 麻坑, 琼东南盆地

Abstract:

The seabed pockmark is widely found in the Qiongdongnan Basin in the northern slope of the South China Sea. The formation of pockmark is mainly regarded as related to the seabed fluid seepage in recent studies. However, it is still unclear what the geochemical characteristics of the seabed sediment are and what corresponding activities of the pockmark are. Two sediment cores of C14 and C19 from the Southern Qiongdongnan Basin were recovered and investigated in this study. Here, we examine the contents of total sulfur (TS), total carbon (TC) and total organic carbon (TOC) contents as well as chromium reducible sulfur (CRS) content and its stable isotopes (δ³⁴S_CRS) values. Combined with the ratio of total nitrogen to total organic carbon (TN/TOC) and reduced sulfate content in pore water, we analyze the geochemical characteristics. The results suggest that there are two types of sulfate reduction reaction (SR) at the C14 site - the anoxygenous oxidation of organic matter controlled SR (OSR) at the depth of 0~3.91 meters below seafloor (m bsf) and the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) derived SR at the depth of 3.91~7.55 m bsf, and the depth of 3.91 m bsf is the boundary of the two types of reaction of SR. The contents of TS and TC below 3.91 m bsf are higher than those above 3.91 m bsf, and the concentration of sulfate in pore water below 3.91 m bsf decreases linearly with depth, Therefore, the depth of 3.91 m bsf is a significant indicator for geochemical characteristics in sediment core. Moreover, the SR below 3.91 m bsf is controlled by the seepage of methane-bearing fluid. The contents of TS and TC at the C19 site increase with depth. However, the variation of TN/TOC ratios is almost contrary to the patterns of TS and TC contents, that is, because OSR is the main SR type of the whole sediment core at the C19 site and the organic matter is revealed to be deposited in early diagenetic stage. The δ³⁴S_CRS values from cores C14 and C19 are -50.2‰~-46.9‰ and -50.1‰~-42.0‰, respectively. The negative δ³⁴S_CRS values suggest that the major biogeochemical process is the result of sulfate reduction in a relatively open system. Therefore, the methane-bearing fluid for the pockmark in the Qiongdongnan Basin had leaked and the pockmark is now seemingly in a weak seepage stage and/or even to be inactive.

Key words: chromium reducible sulfur (CRS), stable isotopes, anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), sulfate reduction (SR), pockmark, Qiongdongnan Basin

中图分类号:

P736.41

孙甜甜, 邬黛黛, 潘梦迪, 杨飞, 吴能友, 陈雪刚, 刘丽华. 南海北部琼东南盆地浅表层沉积物的地球化学特征及对沉积环境的指示^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2018, 37(4): 70-80.

Tiantian SUN, Daidai WU, Mengdi PAN, Fei YANG, Nengyou WU, Xuegang CHENG, Lihua LIU. Geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in the Southern Qiongdongnan Basin of the northern South China Sea and its implication for sedimentary environment^*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(4): 70-80.

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57	XIE XINONG, MÜLLER R D, LI SITIANet al, 2006. Origin of anomalous subsidence along the Northern South China Sea margin and its relationship to dynamic topography[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 23(7): 745-765.
58	ZHU WEILIN, HUANG BAOJIA, MI LIJIN, et al, 2009. Geochemistry, origin, and deep-water exploration potential of natural gases in the Pearl River Mouth and Qiongdongnan basins, South China Sea[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 93(6): 741-761.

站位	柱长/m	纬度	经度	水深/m
C14	6.7	15°54′30″N	110°38′36″E	840
C19	6.9	16°53′53″N	111°09′38″E	1127

送样编号	深度/m	样品性质	测试年龄 /a BP	日历年龄 /cal a BP
C19-46	0.9~0.92	N. dutertrei	18790±80	22865~22465
C19-100	1.98~2.0	N. dutertrei	24310±100	28600~28105
C19-148	2.94~2.96	N. dutertrei	29380±160	33860~33365
C19-292	5.82~5.84	N. dutertrei	32790±260	37695~36185

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南海北部琼东南盆地浅表层沉积物的地球化学特征及对沉积环境的指示^*

Geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in the Southern Qiongdongnan Basin of the northern South China Sea and its implication for sedimentary environment^*

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南海北部琼东南盆地浅表层沉积物的地球化学特征及对沉积环境的指示*

Geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in the Southern Qiongdongnan Basin of the northern South China Sea and its implication for sedimentary environment*

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南海北部琼东南盆地浅表层沉积物的地球化学特征及对沉积环境的指示^*

Geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in the Southern Qiongdongnan Basin of the northern South China Sea and its implication for sedimentary environment^*