利用热带太平洋关键区海表面盐度指标区分两类厄尔尼诺

doi:10.11978/2018061

热带海洋学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 32-42.doi: 10.11978/2018061CSTR: 32234.14.2018061

利用热带太平洋关键区海表面盐度指标区分两类厄尔尼诺

方祝骏¹(), 智海¹, 林鹏飞^2,³(), 魏翔¹

1. 南京信息工程大学大气科学学院, 江苏南京 210044
2. 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100049
3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2018-06-04 修回日期:2018-07-28 出版日期:2019-03-20 发布日期:2019-04-15
作者简介:
作者简介：方祝骏(1993—), 男, 宁夏回族自治区银川市人, 在读硕士研究生, 主要从事气候变化研究。E-mail: 20161211128@nuist.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研究与发展项目(2016YFC1401601);国家自然科学基金项目(41690122、41690120);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA11010105、XDA11020306、XDA11010304)

Distinguishing two types of El Niño in the Tropical Pacific using key region sea surface salinity index

Zhujun FANG¹(), Hai ZHI¹, Pengfei LIN^2,³(), Xiang WEI¹

1. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

Received:2018-06-04 Revised:2018-07-28 Online:2019-03-20 Published:2019-04-15
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1401601);National Natural Science Foundation of China (41690122, 41690120);Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Project (XDA11010105, XDA11020306, XDA11010304)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文章利用强化海洋数据(enhance ocean data, 简称EN4.4.1.f) 1980—2016年的再分析逐月资料, 根据海表盐度异常(SSSA)指标, 找出与厄尔尼诺关系最为重要和密切的盐度变化区域, 并区分两类厄尔尼诺。利用海表面温度作为两类厄尔尼诺的时间相关系数指标, 通过研究其水平分布发现: 在热带太平洋存在着多个能指示两类厄尔尼诺的盐度变化区域, 在东部(EP)型厄尔尼诺时期, 最显著的SSSA关键区主要出现在日界线附近的西太平洋暖池区域东边缘, 并以赤道和日界线为轴线呈中心对称分布; 而在中部(CP)型时期, 关键区在日界线以西的赤道太平洋, 且在日界线以东的SSSA分布则呈现沿赤道的经向非对称性, 这种非对称性在东南太平洋出现了与EP型厄尔尼诺时期相比更为显著不同的正SSSA关键区。文章以此找到关键区域中能够较好代表并区分两类厄尔尼诺的区域, 对挑选出的多个关键区进行有机组合, 定义了一组以SSSA为指标进行有效区分两类厄尔尼诺的方法, 并以此指数对近年来发生的两类厄尔尼诺进行合理再现。

关键词: 两类厄尔尼诺, 盐度异常, 指数, 热带太平洋

Abstract:

In this paper, the sea surface salinity anomaly (SSSA) index from the EN4 reanalysis data during 1980-2016 is used to distinguish two types of El Ni?o. We identify the salinity variation region which has a close contact with two types of El Ni?o in the tropical Pacific. We demonstrate that salinity time series in different boxes are related sea surface temperature variation, and can indicate two types of El Ni?o. Depending on the key salinity field contrast of their correlation coefficient of temporal and horizontal distribution. Evidently, the region of SSS field is mainly located in the equatorial region with symmetric distribution in the western tropical Pacific during the eastern Pacific (EP) El Ni?o. One significant region of SSS field is migrated westward, another skewing southward east of the dateline as asymmetric distribution during the central Pacific El Ni?o, which is different from the EP El Ni?o. Based on these characteristics, we find key areas of an index that represents two types of El Ni?o and distinguishes them. Finally, we use this index to reproduce recent El Ni?o events.

Key words: two type of El Ni?o;, sea surface salinity anomaly, index, Tropical Pacific

中图分类号:

P732.6

方祝骏, 智海, 林鹏飞, 魏翔. 利用热带太平洋关键区海表面盐度指标区分两类厄尔尼诺[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2019, 38(2): 32-42.

Zhujun FANG, Hai ZHI, Pengfei LIN, Xiang WEI. Distinguishing two types of El Niño in the Tropical Pacific using key region sea surface salinity index[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2019, 38(2): 32-42.

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类型	空间相关		时间相关
类型	CP	EP	CP	EP
SCPI	0.73	0.15	0.70	0.17
SEPI	0.15	0.50	0.11	0.69
PC1	0.30	0.56	0.31	0.31
PC2	0.08	0.76	0.22	0.43
PC3	0.69	0.34	0.58	0.09
PC4	0.29	-0.10	0.17	-0.14

利用热带太平洋关键区海表面盐度指标区分两类厄尔尼诺

Distinguishing two types of El Niño in the Tropical Pacific using key region sea surface salinity index

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