广西涠洲岛蛭态轮虫物种多样性及生境偏好研究

doi:10.11978/2023083

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

岛屿生境和生物群落组成独特, 但有关岛屿蛭态轮虫的研究报道较少。为研究岛屿环境蛭态轮虫的物种多样性, 于2021—2022年在广西涠洲岛苔藓、土壤、竹叶、松树落叶、其他落叶、带柄植物花瓣和燃烧后叶杆共7种生境进行调查, 共记录蛭态轮虫3科8属53种, 其中中国新记录种3种, 结果显示涠洲岛蛭态轮虫物种多样性高(占全球已报道蛭态轮虫物种数量10.6%)。前4种生境间物种丰富度差异显著(p<0.0001), 且不同生境间物种组成差异性显著大于同类生境内物种组成差异(p=0.001), 表明蛭态轮虫生境偏好明显; 指示种分析(IndVal)表明, 共有10种蛭态轮虫显著偏好某一生境。

关键词: 蛭态轮虫, 岛屿, 生境偏好, 新记录种, 物种多样性

Abstract:

The island habitat and biological community composition are unique, but there are few reports on the island bdelloid rotifers. During 2021—2022, we investigated seven different habitats, i.e., moss, soil, leaf litters of bamboo, pine and other, petiolate plant petals and burned leaf stems, in the Weizhou island, Guangxi, to investigate species diversity and habitat preference of bdelloid rotifers. In the Weizhou island, a total of 53 species of bdelloid rotifers in three families, eight genera and 53 species were recorded, of which three species were newly found in China. The results showed that the species diversity of bdelloid rotifers in the island was high (accounting for 10.6% of the global reported bdelloid rotifer species). There was significant difference in species richness among the first four habitats (p < 0.0001), and the difference of species composition between different habitats is significantly greater than that within the same habitat (p = 0.001). The habitat preference of bdelloid rotifer is obvious. In addition, IndVal index analysis showed that 10 rotifer species had significant preference for special habitats. In the future, we should strengthen the investigation of island habitats, especially rare habitats, for the purpose of finding more species of bdelloid rotifers and enriching their geographical distribution in China.

Key words: bdelloid rotifer, island, habitat preference, new record species, species diversity

陈俊强, 汪文博, 王庆, 杨宇峰. 广西涠洲岛蛭态轮虫物种多样性及生境偏好研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2024, 43(2): 81-91.

CHEN Junqiang, WANG Wenbo, WANG Qing, YANG Yufeng. Species diversity and habitat preference of bdelloid rotifers in the Weizhou island, Guangxi[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(2): 81-91.

图/表 10

图1

表1

涠洲岛采样点信息"

采样点编号	采样日期	生境类型	位置坐标
D1	2021.12.25	苔藓	21°01′31.18″N, 109°06′44.85″E
D2	2021.12.25	苔藓	21°01′30.99″N, 109°06′46.72″E
D3	2021.12.25	苔藓	21°01′32.86″N, 109°06′47.11″E
D4	2021.12.25	竹叶	21°01′28.66″N, 109°06′48.23″E
D5	2021.12.25	带柄植物花瓣	21°01′35.78″N, 109°06′43.92″E
D6	2021.12.25	其他落叶	21°01′29.04″N, 109°06′49.01″E
T1	2022.05.20	松树落叶	21°01′37.85″N, 109°06′48.41″E
T2	2022.05.20	松树落叶	21°01′39.81″N, 109°06′49.63″E
T3	2022.05.20	松树落叶	21°01′51.10″N, 109°06′45.49″E
T4	2022.05.20	松树落叶	21°01′55.18″N, 109°07′29.31″E
T5	2022.05.20	松树落叶	21°02′15.92″N, 109°07′55.89″E
T6	2022.05.20	松树落叶	21°02′38.42″N, 109°08′10.98″E
T7	2022.05.20	松树落叶	21°03′14.81″N, 109°05′58.09″E
T8	2022.05.20	松树落叶	21°03′25.02″N, 109°08′31.24″E
T9	2022.05.20	土壤	21°01′38.60″N, 109°06′56.67″E
T10	2022.05.20	土壤	21°01′48.87″N, 109°06′58.02″E
T11	2022.05.20	土壤	21°01′54.35″N, 109°06′11.71″E
T12	2022.05.20	苔藓	21°02′00.77″N, 109°05′58.72″E
T13	2022.05.20	土壤	21°02′21.57″N, 109°05′46.95″E
T14	2022.05.20	苔藓	21°02′21.57″N, 109°05′46.95″E
T15	2022.05.20	苔藓	21°02′38.85″N, 109°05′48.94″E
T16	2022.05.20	土壤	21°02′38.85″N, 109°05′48.94″E
T17	2022.05.20	土壤	21°03′19.43″N, 109°08′32.16″E
T18	2022.05.20	苔藓	21°03′19.43″N, 109°08′32.16″E
T19	2022.05.20	土壤	21°03′33.47″N, 109°08′30.27″E
T20	2022.05.20	其他落叶	21°03′36.33″N, 109°08′27.31″E
T21	2022.05.20	燃烧后的叶杆	21°04′01.04″N, 109°07′39.11″E
T22	2022.05.20	其他落叶	21°04′05.46″N, 109°07′37.01″E
T23	2022.05.20	土壤	21°04′07.17″N, 109°07′34.15″E
L1	2022.09.01	竹叶	21°02′59.77″N, 109°06′40.56″E
L2	2022.09.01	竹叶	21°03′11.56″N, 109°06′41.59″E
L3	2022.09.01	竹叶	21°03′14.23″N, 109°06′41.36″E
L4	2022.09.01	竹叶	21°03′18.36″N, 109°06′42.47″E
L5	2022.09.01	竹叶	21°03′45.55″N, 109°06′49.39″E
L6	2022.09.01	其他落叶	21°03′15.45″N, 109°07′09.17″E
L7	2022.09.01	竹叶	21°03′51.35″N, 109°06′54.29″E

表1

图2

图3

图4

表2

涠洲岛蛭态轮虫物种名录表"

科	属	种	生境类型
盘网轮科 Adinetidae	盘网轮属Adineta	急角盘网轮虫Adineta acuticornis Haigh, 1967	竹叶, 松树落叶, 其他落叶, 苔藓, 燃烧后的叶杆
		贝式盘网轮虫A. beysunae Örstan, 2018	竹叶, 松树落叶
		楔足盘网轮虫A. cuneata Milne, 1916	竹叶, 松树落叶, 其他落叶, 苔藓
		游荡盘网轮虫A. vaga (Davis, 1873)	竹叶, 松树落叶, 其他落叶, 苔藓, 燃烧后的叶杆
	突盘轮Bradyscela	跛足突盘轮虫Bradyscela clauda (Bryce, 1893)	竹叶, 其他落叶
宿轮科Habrotrochidae	宿轮属 Habrotrocha	双齿宿轮虫H. bidens (Gosse, 1851)	竹叶, 松树落叶, 其他落叶, 苔藓
		缢缩宿轮虫H. constricta (Dujardin, 1841)	竹叶
		领宿轮虫H. collaris Wulfert, 1965	竹叶, 苔藓
		金色宿轮虫H. flava Bryce,1915	竹叶, 松树落叶
		黄体宿轮虫H. flaviformis De Koning, 1947	竹叶, 其他落叶
		舌凸宿轮虫H. ligula Bryce, 1913	松树落叶, 燃烧后的叶杆
		罗莎宿轮虫H. rosa Donner, 1949	竹叶, 松树落叶, 其他落叶
		三趾宿轮虫H. tripus (Murray, 1907)	竹叶, 松树落叶, 其他落叶
		弯唇宿轮虫H. thienemanni Hauer, 1924	竹叶
		一种宿轮虫Habrotrocha sp.1	松树落叶
		一种宿轮虫Habrotrocha sp.2	土壤
		一种宿轮虫Habrotrocha sp.3	竹叶
		一种宿轮虫Habrotrocha sp.4	竹叶
	敖突轮属Otostephanos	皇家敖突轮虫Otostephanos regalis Milne, 1916	其他落叶
	敖突轮属Otostephanos	环颈敖突轮虫O. torquatus (Bryce, 1913)	竹叶
旋轮科 Philodinidae	粗颈轮属Macrotrachela	短唇粗颈轮虫Macrotrachela brevilabris De Koning, 1947	松树落叶
		精巧粗颈轮虫M. concinna (Bryce, 1912)	竹叶, 苔藓
		戈氏粗颈轮虫M. decora (Bryce, 1912)*	竹叶, 土壤, 燃烧后的叶杆
		欧氏粗颈轮虫M. ehrenbergii (Janson, 1893)	竹叶, 松树落叶, 其他落叶, 苔藓
		栖居粗颈轮虫M. habita (Bryce, 1894)	竹叶, 松树落叶, 其他落叶, 苔藓, 土壤, 燃烧后的叶杆
		毛粗颈轮虫M. induta Donner, 1951	其他落叶, 苔藓
		无刺粗颈轮虫M. inermis Donner, 1965	竹叶, 松树落叶
		奇异粗颈轮虫M. insolita De Koning, 1947	松树落叶
		圆腹粗颈轮虫M. kallosoma (Schulte, 1954)	竹叶
		游离粗颈轮虫M. libera Donner, 1949	松树落叶, 土壤
		多刺粗颈轮虫M. multispinosa (Murray, 1908)	竹叶, 松树落叶, 其他落叶, 苔藓, 土壤, 带柄植物花瓣
		舌凸矮小粗颈轮虫M. nana ligulata Schulte, 1954*	竹叶
		娜娜矮小粗颈轮虫M. nana nana (Bryce, 1912)	竹叶, 松树落叶, 燃烧后的叶杆
		四角粗颈轮虫M. quadricornifera Milne, 1886	竹叶, 松树落叶, 其他落叶, 苔藓, 带柄植物花瓣
		美丽粗颈轮虫M. speciosa (Murray, 1907)*	其他落叶
		畏弱粗颈轮虫M. timida Milne, 1916	松树落叶
		一种粗颈轮虫Macrotrachela sp.1	竹叶, 苔藓
		一种粗颈轮虫Macrotrachela sp.2	竹叶
	水蛭轮属Mniobia	水蛭轮虫 Mniobia tentans Donner, 1949	竹叶, 松树落叶, 其他落叶, 苔藓
	水蛭轮属Mniobia	一种水蛭轮虫Mniobia sp.	竹叶
	旋轮属Philodina	宽沟锐角旋轮虫Philodina acuticornis odiosa Milne, 1916	苔藓, 带柄植物花瓣
		南极旋轮虫P. antarctica Murray, 1910	带柄植物花瓣
		双戟旋轮虫P. duplicalcar (De Koning, 1947)	其他落叶
		巨环旋轮虫P. megalotrocha Ehrenberg, 1832	松树落叶
		微戟旋轮虫P. parvicalcar De Koning, 1947	松树落叶, 苔藓, 苔藓土壤, 土壤
		宽体旋轮虫P. plena (Bryce, 1894)	竹叶, 松树落叶, 其他落叶, 苔藓, 土壤
		迅捷旋轮虫P. rapida Milne, 1916	竹叶, 松树落叶, 其他落叶, 燃烧后的叶杆
		褶皱旋轮虫P. rugosa Bryce, 1903	竹叶, 土壤
		宁静旋轮虫P. tranquilla Wulfert, 1942	带柄植物花瓣
		凶猛旋轮虫P. vorax (Janson, 1893)	竹叶, 苔藓, 土壤
旋轮科 Philodinidae	轮虫属Rotaria	转轮虫R. rotatoria (Pallas, 1766)	松树落叶
		污轮虫R. sordida (Western, 1893)	竹叶, 松树落叶, 其他落叶, 苔藓, 土壤
		懒轮虫R. tardigrada (Ehrenberg, 1830)	松树落叶

表2

图5

表3

表4

表5

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种类组成	区域优势度	竹叶	松树落叶	苔藓	土壤
急角盘网轮虫(A. acuticornis)	/	0.03	/	0.03	/
游荡盘网轮虫(A. vaga)	/	/	0.06	/	—
双齿宿轮虫(H. bidens)	/	0.03	/	—	—
金色宿轮虫(H. flava)	/	0.02	/	—	—
罗莎宿轮虫(H. rosa)	0.02	0.03	0.13	—	—
三趾宿轮虫(H. tripus)	/	/	0.02	—	—
戈氏粗颈轮虫(M. decora)	/	/	—	/	0.11
栖居粗颈轮虫(M. habita)	0.03	/	/	0.19	0.03
多刺粗颈轮虫(M. multispinosa)	0.09	0.27	/	0.07	0.16
四角粗颈轮虫(M. quadricornifera)	/	0.07	/	0.03	/
一种水蛭轮虫(Mniobia sp.)	/	—	/	0.05	—
微戟旋轮虫(P. parvicalcar)	/	—	/	0.02	/
宽体旋轮虫(P. plena)	/	0.08	/	—	/
迅捷旋轮虫(P. rapida)	/	/	0.02	—	—
凶猛旋轮虫(P. vorax)	/	/	—	—	0.03
污轮虫(R. sordida)	0.07	0.09	/	0.03	0.27