海水螺旋藻生物质的综合利用工艺研究

doi:10.11978/2025063

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 148-159.doi: 10.11978/2025063CSTR: 32234.14.2025063

海水螺旋藻生物质的综合利用工艺研究

徐冰埼¹^,²^,³(), 向文洲¹, 吴后波¹, 赵艳飞², 秦海鹏², 韦量¹^,³, 耿亚奇¹^,³, 吴华莲¹, 许瑾⁴, 李涛¹()

1.中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋环境与岛礁全国重点实验室, 广东省海洋药物重点实验室, 广东广州 510301
2.广东省农业技术推广中心, 广东广州 510520
3.中国科学院大学, 北京 101408
4.中国科学院广州能源研究所广东省新能源和可再生能源研究开发与应用重点实验室, 广东广州 510640

收稿日期:2025-05-12 修回日期:2025-06-07 出版日期:2026-03-10 发布日期:2026-03-26
通讯作者: 李涛
作者简介:
徐冰埼(2001—), 女, 浙江省温州市人, 硕士研究生, 从事藻类生物技术研究。email: xubingqi24@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
南沙区重点研发计划项目(2023ZD014); 广东省自然科学基金(2022A1515140025); 广东省自然科学基金(2023A1515012391); 广东省现代化海洋牧场适养品种核心技术攻关项目(2024-MRB-00-001)

A study on comprehensive utilization technology of seawater Spirulina biomass

XU Bingqi¹^,²^,³(), XIANG Wenzhou¹, WU Houbo¹, ZHAO Yanfei², QIN Haipeng², WEI Liang¹^,³, GENG Yaqi¹^,³, WU Hualian¹, XU Jin⁴, LI Tao¹()

1. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2. Agro-Tech Extension Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510520, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
4. Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China

Received:2025-05-12 Revised:2025-06-07 Online:2026-03-10 Published:2026-03-26
Contact: LI Tao
Supported by:
Key Research and Development Program of Nansha District(2023ZD014); Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2022A1515140025); Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2023A1515012391); Research on Breeding Technology of Candidate Species for Guangdong Modern Marine Ranching(2024-MRB-00-001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

螺旋藻作为重要的经济微藻, 其活性物质的高效提取与综合利用是提升其产业附加值的关键。文章探讨了不同提取顺序对螺旋藻中藻胆蛋白、油脂及多糖提取效率和品质特征的影响, 并进行了不同工艺的经济效益评估。利用综合低温提取法、95%乙醇提取法和热水提取法, 设计了6种提取顺序: 1) 藻胆蛋白(phycobiliprotein)-脂质(lipid)-多糖(polysaccharide), 简称PLS; 2) 藻胆蛋白-多糖-脂质, 简称PSL; 3) 多糖-藻胆蛋白-脂质, 简称SPL; 4) 多糖-脂质-藻胆蛋白, 简称SLP; 5) 脂质-藻胆蛋白-多糖, 简称LPS; 6) 脂质-多糖-藻胆蛋白, 简称LSP, 并通过紫外可见吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱、脂肪酸组成分析、单糖组成分析及红外光谱等技术手段, 评估各组分的提取效率和品质。结果表明: 藻胆蛋白提取需优先进行(PLS组提取率为68.29%、PSL组为66.77%), 加热或乙醇处理会导致其变性(提取率 < 8%), 吸收光谱和荧光光谱结果表明PLS组和PSL组的藻胆蛋白品质较好; 油脂提取率受提取顺序的影响显著(LSP组为94.07%、PSL组为66.76%), 但脂肪酸组成稳定; 多糖提取率在藻胆蛋白或油脂提取后显著下降(SPL组为71.80%、LSP组为39.90%、PSL组为19.57%), 红外光谱显示各组多糖结构稳定, 且单糖组成无显著差异。藻渣成分分析显示, LPS组藻渣蛋白质含量最高, 干重达到71.4%。分步提取法可以用于藻胆蛋白、螺旋藻油和螺旋藻多糖的提取, 但不同提取顺序对3种物质的提取率和品质具有一定的影响, PLS组可实现经济价值最大化(162元·kg^-1), 较原始藻粉(40元·kg^-1)提升近3倍。

关键词: 螺旋藻, 生物质综合利用, 藻胆蛋白, 油脂, 多糖

Abstract:

As an important economic microalga, the efficient extraction and comprehensive utilization of bioactive compounds from Spirulina are crucial for enhancing its value. This study investigated the effects of different extraction sequences on the extraction efficiency, characteristics and economic benefits of phycobiliproteins, lipids, and polysaccharides from Spirulina. Six sequential extraction protocols were designed by integrating low-temperature extraction (phycobiliprotein), 95% ethanol extraction (lipid) and hot water extraction (polysaccharide), including 1) phycobiliprotein-lipid-polysaccharide (PLS); 2) phycobiliprotein-polysaccharide-lipid (PSL); 3) polysaccharide-phycobiliprotein-lipid (SPL); 4) polysaccharide-lipid-phycobiliprotein (SLP); 5) lipid-phycobiliprotein-polysaccharide (LPS); and 6) lipid-polysaccharide-phycobiliprotein (LSP). The extraction efficiency and characteristics of bioactive compounds were evaluated using UV-Vis absorption spectra, three-dimensional fluorescence spectra, infrared spectra, fatty acid composition, and monosaccharide composition. The results showed that phycobiliproteins should be extracted preferentially (yield: 68.29% in PLS, 66.77% in PSL), while heating or ethanol pretreatment induced its denaturation (yield < 8%). The results of absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra show that the phycobiliprotein quality was better in the PLS and PSL groups. Lipid extraction efficiency varied significantly with extraction sequence (94.07% in LSP vs 66.76% in PSL), while the fatty acid composition remained stable. Polysaccharide extraction efficiency declined markedly after protein or lipid extraction (71.80% in SPL, 39.90% in LSP and 19.57% in PSL). Infrared spectroscopy showed that the polysaccharides in each group had stable structures and there was no significant difference in monosaccharide compositions. Residual biomass analysis revealed the highest protein content in LPS-treated microalgal residue (71.4% DW). Sequential extraction enabled the recovery of phycobiliproteins, lipids and polysaccharides, but the extraction order critically influenced both yields and quality. The PLS sequence achieved the maximum economic value (162 RMB·kg^-1), tripling the value of raw Spirulina powder (40 RMB·kg^-1). This study provides theoretical and technical foundations for the full-component valorization of Spirulina biomass.

Key words: Spirulina, comprehensive utilization of biomass, phycobiliproteins, lipids, polysaccharides

中图分类号:

P745.28

徐冰埼, 向文洲, 吴后波, 赵艳飞, 秦海鹏, 韦量, 耿亚奇, 吴华莲, 许瑾, 李涛. 海水螺旋藻生物质的综合利用工艺研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(2): 148-159.

XU Bingqi, XIANG Wenzhou, WU Houbo, ZHAO Yanfei, QIN Haipeng, WEI Liang, GENG Yaqi, WU Hualian, XU Jin, LI Tao. A study on comprehensive utilization technology of seawater Spirulina biomass[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(2): 148-159.

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种类	PLS	PSL	SPL	SLP	LPS	LSP
碳水化合物	20.4±0.5^b1	16.8±0.3^c1	21.9±0.1^a1b1	21.8±0.1^a1b1	20.8±0.5^b1	23.5±0.1^a1
岩藻糖	6.1±0.1^a2	4.7±0.1^b2	6.3±0.1^a2	6.2±0.1^a2	6.3±0.1^a2	6.3±0.0^a2
鼠李糖	4.7±0.1^a3	3.6±0.1^b3	4.9±0.2^a3	4.8±0.1^a3	4.8±0.0^a3	4.8±0.0^a3
葡萄糖	5.5±0.0^a4	4.2±0.1^b4	5.5±0.1^a4	5.6±0.0^a4	5.6±0.1^a4	5.7±0.2^a4
甘露糖	3.7±0.1^a5	2.7±0.0^b5	3.6±0.1^a5	3.5±0.1^a5	3.7±0.0^a5	3.7±0.1^a5
葡萄糖醛酸	1.8±0.2^b6	2.0±0.5^b6	2.7±0.9^a6	2.6±0.2^a6	2.0±0.1^b6	2.6±0.5^a6
蛋白质	36.0±0.0^a7b7	41.3±0.3^a7	29.1±2.0^b7	29.1±0.7^b7	28.9±1.4^b7	35.1±0.1^a7b7

		PLS	PSL	SPL	SLP	LPS	LSP
藻粉	价值	40.00
藻胆蛋白	理论产量	65.9±0.9
	实际产量	44.73±0.1	44.11±2.0	4.52±0.1	1.79±0.2	5.23±0.1	1.25±0.0
	单价	1900.00
	价值	84.99	83.81	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
螺旋藻油	理论产量	84.15±3.4
	产量	82.13±4.0	58.47±2.6	65.29±4.2	76.32±3.6	82.6±0.1	84.47±2.6
	单价	600.00
	价值	49.28	35.08	39.17	45.79	49.56	50.68
螺旋藻多糖	理论产量	169.65±0.6
	产量	27.81±0.6	33.21±1.7	121.81±13.5	110.94±2.3	27.48±1.4	67.69±3.5
	单价	900.00
	价值	25.03	29.89	109.63	99.85	24.73	60.92
藻渣	理论产量	680.3±4.25
	产量	261.00	220.00	346.00	372.00	322.00	412.00
	单价	10.00
	价值	2.61	2.20	3.46	3.72	3.22	4.12
产品总价值		161.90	150.98	152.26	149.36	77.51	115.72

海水螺旋藻生物质的综合利用工艺研究

A study on comprehensive utilization technology of seawater Spirulina biomass

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