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热带海洋学报

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红海湾电厂温排水对海域珊瑚群落的夏季热白化影响分析

杨冰1, 2, 袁涛萍1, 董俊德1, 江雷1, 钱江1, 杨清松1, 孙慧明1, 周炎武1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东 广州 510301;

    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04 修回日期:2025-10-09 接受日期:2025-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 周炎武
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(42276160)

Effects of thermal drainage of power plants on coral communities in the Honghai Bay of Guangdong province

YANG Bing1, 2, YUAN Taoping1, DONG Junde1, JIANG Lei1, QIAN Jiang1, YANG Qingsong1, SUN Huiming1, ZHOU Yanwu1   

  1. 1. South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;

    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

  • Received:2025-07-04 Revised:2025-10-09 Accepted:2025-10-15
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China(42276160)

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摘要： 珊瑚礁是生物多样性最高的生态系统之一，每年给社会带来巨大经济价值。在海表温度（Sea Surface Temperature，SST）上升的背景下，造礁石珊瑚大规模白化的频度和强度日益加大，其生存也面临严峻的危机。本文对红海湾海域开展2024年秋季生态调查，结合太平岭核电厂和海丰火电厂温排水影响数值模拟、热周度（Degree Heating Week，DHW）值分析，讨论全电厂温排水对珊瑚群落的影响。调查结果显示，在距离温排水排放口较远的6个岛屿周边共分布着5科9属13种石珊瑚以及5科7属7种软珊瑚，不同站点之间的珊瑚覆盖率存在较大差异（0.30%-36.38%）。白化风险预测结果表明，温排水引发的海水升温夏季1℃影响范围进入芒屿岛珊瑚分布区，未进入其它珊瑚分布区；冬季2℃影响范围未进入海域珊瑚分布区。在常规气候年，温排水对鸡心石附近珊瑚造成的影响在珊瑚的正常耐受范围之内。而在芒屿岛，即使在常规水温的年份，温排水也会使海水的DHW升高至4℃以上，造成珊瑚白化的风险；但进入秋季以后，SST逐渐降低，珊瑚白化是有可能恢复的。综上，电厂温排水对红海湾周边海岛珊瑚影响有限，正常情况下不会对珊瑚群落造成明显不利影响。

关键词: 红海湾, 珊瑚白化, 温排水, 热周度, 电厂

Abstract: Coral reefs constitute ecosystems with exceptional biodiversity, annually contributing substantial economic value to society. The escalation of sea surface temperatures (SST) has led to a marked increase in the frequency and severity of coral bleaching events, posing a grave threat to the survival of reef-building corals. To assess the ramifications of thermal discharge from power plants on coral communities, an ecological survey was conducted in the Honghai Bay area during autumn 2024. This study integrated numerical simulations of thermal discharge from the Taipingling Nuclear Power Plant and Haifeng Thermal power plant with degree heating week (DHW) analysis. The survey revealed that approximately six islands, situated at a considerable distance from the thermal discharge outlets, harbored a diverse range of coral species, including 13 species of stony corals (belonging to 5 families and 9 genera) and 7 species of soft corals (spanning 5 families and 7 genera). Coral coverage varied considerably across different sites, ranging from 0.30% to 36.38%. The bleaching risk prediction indicated that the 1°C seawater warming induced by thermal discharge in summer extended into the coral distribution area of Mangyu Island but did not impact other coral habitats. Conversely, in winter, the 2°C warming had no effect on any coral distribution zones. Under typical climatic conditions, the impact of thermal discharge on corals near Jixin Island remained within their normal tolerance thresholds. However, even in years with average water temperatures, thermal discharge elevated the DHW in Mangyu Island’s waters to over 4°C, thereby augmenting the risk of coral bleaching. Nonetheless, as SST gradually diminishes in autumn, coral bleaching may exhibit recovery. In summary, the influence of power plant thermal discharge on coral communities around the islands in Honghai Bay is limited and generally does not exert significant adverse effects under normal circumstances

Key words: Honghai Bay, coral bleaching, thermal effluent, degree heating week, power plant