大亚湾浮游植物粒级结构对温排水和营养盐输入的响应*

doi:10.11978/2017083

热带海洋学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 55-64.doi: 10.11978/2017083CSTR: 32234.14.2017083

大亚湾浮游植物粒级结构对温排水和营养盐输入的响应^*

谢福武^1,²(), 刘华雪¹(), 黄洪辉¹, 宋星宇³()

1. 中国水产科学院南海水产研究所, 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 广东广州 510300
2. 上海海洋大学, 水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心, 上海 201306
3. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室, 广东广州 510301

收稿日期:2017-07-25 修回日期:2017-09-26 出版日期:2018-06-10 发布日期:2018-05-03
作者简介:
作者简介：谢福武(1992—), 男, 海南省万宁市人, 硕士研究生, 从事海洋生态学研究。E-mail: xfw1021900977@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0502805);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB452904);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41276161)

Effects of thermal discharge and nutrients input on size structure of phytoplankton in Daya Bay

Fuwu XIE^1,²(), Huaxue LIU¹(), Honghui HUANG¹, Xingyu SONG³()

1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecological Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
3. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China

Received:2017-07-25 Revised:2017-09-26 Online:2018-06-10 Published:2018-05-03
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0502805);National Basic Research Program (2015CB452904);General Programs of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41276161)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大亚湾核电站温排水对其邻近海域的生态效应日益突出。文章结合现场调查和室内模拟实验, 研究了夏季和冬季大亚湾海域沿温排水温度梯度的浮游植物粒径结构特征, 探讨了营养物质的输入可能对其产生的影响, 以期深入了解浮游植物对升温以及富营养化作用的响应机制。结果表明, 适温条件对浮游植物的生长起促进作用, 在极高温(36.0℃)环境下则产生抑制作用, 在排水口邻近高温区夏季和冬季浮游植物叶绿素a含量均呈较低分布。交互模拟实验发现不同季节浮游植物对于温度和营养盐的敏感性存在差异, 夏季营养盐对浮游植物生长的促进作用比温度明显, 冬季温度的作用则更为显著。现场观测和模拟实验均显示, 水温升高和营养盐加富均可造成小粒级浮游植物 (<20μm)所占比例的增加; 因此, 升温和营养盐输入均可能导致浮游植物粒级结构呈小型化趋势, 并对食物网能量流动与物质循环、生态系统的结构稳定性以及海洋渔业的产量造成潜在影响。

关键词: 浮游植物, 粒级结构, 温排水, 营养盐, 大亚湾

Abstract:

Marine ecological effects induced by thermal discharge of nuclear plants in Daya Bay are attracting increasingly attention. Based on in situ data and laboratory experiments, distribution characteristics of phytoplankton size structure within the thermal-discharge-affected area and their responses to warming and nutrients input were explored. The results indicated that phytoplankton growth could be promoted by moderate warming but inhibited in extremely high temperature (36ºC). Chl-a concentrations near the outfall of thermal discharges were obviously low in both summer and winter. There were seasonal discrepancies between two important environmental factors, i.e., warming and nutrient enrichment, on their contributions to phytoplankton growth based on simulation results. Nutrients inputs showed more obvious impacts on phytoplankton than temperature in summer, and vice versa in winter. The increasing proportion of small-size phytoplankton (< 20μm) might be induced by warming and/or nutrient enrichment in Daya Bay, which confirmed the miniaturization trend within the plankton community and indicated its potential impacts on energy flow and material cycle, ecosystem stability, and production of marine fisheries in the bay.

Key words: phytoplankton, size structure, thermal discharge, nutrients, Daya Bay

谢福武, 刘华雪, 黄洪辉, 宋星宇. 大亚湾浮游植物粒级结构对温排水和营养盐输入的响应^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2018, 37(3): 55-64.

Fuwu XIE, Huaxue LIU, Honghui HUANG, Xingyu SONG. Effects of thermal discharge and nutrients input on size structure of phytoplankton in Daya Bay[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(3): 55-64.

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参考文献 41

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	S1/W1	S2/W2	S3/W3	S4/W4	S5/W5	S6/W6	S7/W7
夏季/℃	36.0	34.0	32.0	30.0	28.8	—	—
冬季/℃	28.3	26.2	24.0	22.0	21.0	20.0	19.0

	单因素模拟实验(M1)	交互模拟实验(M2)
夏季	设置4个温度(36℃、32℃、28℃、26℃)	设置3个温度梯度(36℃、32℃、28℃)和3个营养盐加富梯度
冬季	设置4个温度(28℃、24℃、20℃、18℃)	设置3个温度梯度(28℃、24℃、20℃)和3个营养盐加富梯度

季节	站位	温度/℃	盐度/‰	pH	DIP /(μmol·L^-1)	DIN /(μmol·L^-1)	DSi /(μmol·L^-1)	DIN/DIP	DSi/DIN	DSi/DIP
夏季	S1	36.0	31.78	8.07	0.17	4.98	13.38	29.29	2.69	78.71
	S2	34.0	31.92	8.11	0.23	7.11	15.35	30.91	2.16	66.74
	S4	30.0	31.96	8.13	0.18	7.00	18.56	38.89	2.65	103.11
	M1	28.2	32.26	8.25	0.33	16.61	16.28	50.33	0.98	49.33
	M2	28.8	32.07	8.22	0.20	5.09	10.46	25.45	2.06	52.30
冬季	W1	28.3	33.86	8.14	0.26	11.71	16.78	45.04	1.43	64.54
	W2	26.2	33.79	8.17	0.18	13.13	11.56	72.94	0.88	64.22
	W6	20.0	34.02	8.25	0.27	12.35	20.28	45.74	1.64	75.11
	M1	18.4	33.61	8.15	0.12	25.26	10.68	210.50	0.42	89.00
	M2	19.2	33.92	8.22	0.17	11.13	13.38	65.47	1.20	78.71

温度/℃	时间/h	粒级
温度/℃	时间/h	小型浮游植物/%	微型浮游植物/%	微微型浮游植物/%
28	0	13.7	63.6	22.7
26	6	17.7	59.0	23.3
26	24	21.2	63.3	15.5
28	6	20.9	56.4	22.8
28	24	23.9	59.7	16.4
32	6	20.8	64.0	15.2
32	24	27.1	59.2	13.7
36	6	16.7	56.4	27.0
36	24	16.5	62.5	21.0

温度/℃	时间/h	粒级
温度/℃	时间/h	小型浮游植物/%	微型浮游植物/%	微微型浮游植物/%
20	0	9.3	19.0	71.7
18	6	9.9	34.7	55.4
18	24	19.5	33.0	47.5
20	6	18.1	23.5	58.4
20	24	18.9	25.1	56.0
24	6	13.3	30.7	56.0
24	24	17.2	27.3	55.5
28	6	13.1	28.3	58.6
28	24	14.8	26.3	58.9

大亚湾浮游植物粒级结构对温排水和营养盐输入的响应^*

Effects of thermal discharge and nutrients input on size structure of phytoplankton in Daya Bay

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温度/℃	低营养/(μg·L^-1)	中营养/(μg·L^-1)	高营养/(μg·L^-1)	平均值/(μg·L^-1)
28	0.63±0.07	1.99±0.53	3.36±0.24	1.99±0.28 ^a
32	0.48±0.08	1.88±0.77	2.75±0.78	1.70±0.54^a
36	0.66±0.17	2.24±1.05	2.42±1.86	1.77±1.02 ^a
平均值	0.59±0.11^a	2.04±0.78^b	2.84±0.96^c	—

温度/℃	低营养/(μg·L^-1)	中营养/(μg·L^-1)	高营养 /(μg·L^-1)	平均值/(μg·L^-1)
20	0.54±0.11	0.58±0.17	0.53±0.02	0.55±0.10 ^a
24	1.10±0.17	1.08±0.07	1.38±0.12	1.19±0.12 ^b
28	0.78±0.11	0.99±0.14	0.97±0.07	0.91±0.11 ^c
平均值	0.81±0.13^a	0.88±0.13 ^a	0.96±0.07 ^a	—

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粒级	现场温度梯度实验		单因子模拟实验		双因子模拟实验
粒级	夏季	冬季	夏季	冬季	夏季	冬季
小型浮游植物	-0.278	-0.931**	-0.772	0.943	-0.657	0.427
微型浮游植物	-0.678	-0.656	-0.916	0.996**	0.207	0.694*
微微型浮游植物	-0.907*	-0.864*	-0.933	0.983*	0.209	0.190