北部湾万尾金滩对台风作用的动力地貌响应过程

doi:10.11978/2025186

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 203-216.doi: 10.11978/2025186CSTR: 32234.14.2025186

北部湾万尾金滩对台风作用的动力地貌响应过程

陆必宇¹(), 庞文鸿²(), 喜扬洋³, 覃旭健¹, 杨敏¹, 王天济¹, 顾靖华⁴

¹ 广西壮族自治区海洋地质调查院, 广西北海 536000
² 北部湾大学, 平陆运河河口海湾生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 广西海洋环境灾害过程与生态保护技术重点实验室, 广西钦州 535011
³ 广西科学院, 广西海洋科学院, 广西南宁 530007
⁴ 华东师范大学河口海岸全国重点实验室, 上海 200241

收稿日期:2025-10-09 修回日期:2025-11-04 出版日期:2026-07-10 发布日期:2026-07-31
通讯作者: 庞文鸿(1991—), 男, 副研究员, 硕士生导师。email: whpang@bbgu.edu.cn
作者简介:
陆必宇(1994—), 男, 安徽省六安市人, 硕士, 工程师, 从事海洋地质相关研究。email: 1121962550@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42406166); 广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2024KY0431); 广西地矿局财政项目(GXDK202439); 国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U20A2099)

The morphodynamic process of Wanwei Jintan Beach in the Beibu Gulf in response to typhoon impacts

LU Biyu¹(), PANG Wenhong²(), XI Yangyang³, QIN Xujian¹, YANG Min¹, WANG Tianji¹, GU Jinghua⁴

¹ Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Marine Geological Survey Institute, Beihai 536000, China
² Pinglu Canal and Beibu Gulf Coastal Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Disaster Processes and Ecological Protection Technology, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
³ Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

Received:2025-10-09 Revised:2025-11-04 Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-07-31
Contact: PANG Wenhong. email: whpang@bbgu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42406166); Guangxi Universities and Colleges Young and Middle-aged Teachers' Research Basic Ability Improvement Project(2024KY0431); Financial Project of Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(GXDK202439); Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2099)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

极端天气事件影响下的海滩动力地貌快速演变, 通常引发海滩下蚀和岸线后退, 严重危及海岸防护与海滩旅游资源可持续开发利用。本文基于2024年4号台风“派比安”前后广西万尾金滩的剖面高程、表层沉积物和离岸区波潮等实测资料, 探究该海滩响应台风作用的动力地貌变化过程。结果表明: (1)金滩遭受台风影响后, 西部沙丘型剖面和中部平坦型剖面分别表现为弱侵蚀(平均侵蚀高度为0.50cm)和强侵蚀(平均侵蚀高度为2.50cm)。其中沙丘型剖面的变化模式为: 后滨沙丘侵蚀、前滨中上部淤积和前滨下部侵蚀; 平坦型剖面表现为: 后滨至前滨中部侵蚀量不断减小、前滨下部转为淤积。然而, 东部沙坝型剖面展现为弱淤积(平均淤积高度为0.64cm), 且剖面呈现后滨侵蚀-前滨上淤积-前滨中侵蚀-前滨下淤积的冲淤相间分布格局。(2)海滩表层沉积物显著变化的位置主要集中在沙丘与沙坝两处海滩地貌单元, 遭受侵蚀的沙丘, 其迎风坡反射性强, 泥沙搬运营力强, 较粗的推移质被带走, 表层沉积物变细, 分选性变差; 沙坝的沟槽地处复杂的双向水流输沙环境, 呈现“坝顶侵蚀、推移质组分增加—沟槽淤积、跃移质组分增加”的台风沉积响应特征。在平坦滩面位置, 海滩耗散性强, 泥沙搬运营力结构稳定, 台风影响后的沉积物组分比例变化小。(3)大型后滨沙丘与脊-沟沙坝地形则因其消浪、缓流的功能而在塑造剖面冲淤空间格局和减缓海滩局部侵蚀方面均扮演正面角色。相反地, 后滨修建的海岸工程则在大潮高潮位时强化风暴潮对海滩上部的侵蚀作用。

关键词: 动力地貌过程, 台风“派比安”, 滩面冲淤, 沙坝, 表层沉积物, 万尾金滩

Abstract:

The rapid evolution of beach morphodynamics under the impact of extreme weather events causes beach erosion and shoreline retreat, seriously threatening coastal engineering structures and protection, as well as the sustainable development and utilization of beach tourism resources. Based on field measurements of profile elevation, surficial sediments, and offshore wave and tide data collected before and after typhoon “Prapiroon” (the fourth typhoon of 2024) at Wanwei Jintan Beach, Guangxi, this study investigates the beach morphodynamic process in response to typhoon forcing. The results indicate the following: (1) After the typhoon event, the sand dune-type profile (western sector) exhibited weak erosion (mean erosion height of 0.50 cm), while the flat-type profile (central sector) exhibited strong erosion (mean erosion height of 2.50 cm). The sand dune-type profile was characterized by erosion on the backshore dune and lower foreshore, and accretion on the upper and middle foreshore. The flat-type profile showed a continuous decrease in erosion height from the backshore to the middle foreshore, with a transition to accretion on the lower foreshore. In contrast, the sandbar-type profile in the eastern part of Jintan Beach demonstrated weak accretion (mean accretion height of 0.64 cm). Moreover, the sandbar-type profile presented an intermittent distribution pattern of erosion and accretion, which was marked by backshore erosion, upper foreshore accretion, middle foreshore erosion, and lower foreshore accretion. (2) The sand dune and ridge-trough systems were the beach geomorphic units where the surface sediments varied significantly in response to the typhoon impact. On eroded sand dunes, where strong reflectivity and sediment transport dynamics prevailed in their windward slopes, coarser bed loads were removed, resulting in finer surface sediments and worse sorting post-typhoon. In the trough of the sandbar topography, characterized by complex bidirectional currents and sediment transport dynamics, the typhoon-induced sedimentary response featured “erosion at the sandbar crest with increased bedload components, and trough accretion with increased saltation components”. In comparison, in the flat zone where the beach was highly dissipative and the sediment-carrying capacity of the flow remained relatively stable, the ratios of sediment components remained largely unchanged after the typhoon; (3) Large-scale backshore sand dunes and ridge-trough sandbar topography played a positive role in shaping the spatial erosion/accretion pattern along the beach profile and alleviating local beach erosion by dissipating wave energy and reducing current velocity. On the contrary, coastal engineering structures constructed on the backshore intensified the upper beach erosion during spring tides coupled with storm surges.

Key words: morphodynamic process, typhoon Prapiroon, beachface erosion/accretion, sandbars, surficial sediment, Wanwei Jintan Beach

中图分类号:

P736

陆必宇, 庞文鸿, 喜扬洋, 覃旭健, 杨敏, 王天济, 顾靖华. 北部湾万尾金滩对台风作用的动力地貌响应过程[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(4): 203-216.

LU Biyu, PANG Wenhong, XI Yangyang, QIN Xujian, YANG Min, WANG Tianji, GU Jinghua. The morphodynamic process of Wanwei Jintan Beach in the Beibu Gulf in response to typhoon impacts[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(4): 203-216.

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剖面编号	剖面形态	CT01距离/位置	CT02距离/位置	CT03距离/位置	CT04距离/位置	CT05距离/位置
L1	沙丘型剖面	2.8m/	22.2m/	51.9m/	86.0m/	122.8m/
L1	沙丘型剖面	后滨	后滨	前滨上	前滨中	前滨下
L2	平坦型剖面	8.7m/	20.1m/	49.2m/	73.3m/	96.8m/
L2	平坦型剖面	后滨	后滨	前滨上	前滨中	前滨下
L3	沙坝型剖面	10.7m/	24.2m/	42.2m/	85.8m/	108.4m/
L3	沙坝型剖面	后滨	前滨上	前滨上	前滨中	前滨下

剖面形态	台风前		台风后
剖面形态	破波尺度参数ε	海滩地貌状态	破波尺度参数ε	海滩地貌状态
沙丘型剖面	219	耗散型	211	耗散型
平坦型剖面	324	耗散型	384	耗散型
沙坝型剖面	380	耗散型	400	耗散型

剖面形态	位置	单宽体积变化量S/m³	最大冲淤高度h₁/cm	平均冲淤高度h₂/cm	台风前坡度/%	台风后坡度/%
沙丘型剖面	后滨	−0.65	−48.55	−1.35	7.09*	6.19*
	前滨上	0.19	2.12	0.81	2.58	2.54
	前滨中	0.63	9.00	3.53	4.24	4.39
	前滨下	−0.93	9.36	−1.56	0.56	0.64
	整个剖面	−0.75		−0.50
平坦型剖面	后滨	-2.57	-16.38	−10.91	1.48	1.31
	前滨上	−1.46	-11.22	−5.39	2.37	2.28
	前滨中	−0.95	-7.52	−2.91	2.50	2.21
	前滨下	1.83	7.34	4.28	2.20	2.05
	整个剖面	-3.15		−2.50
沙坝型剖面	后滨	−1.60	−19.10	−13.77	4.88	5.57
	前滨上	1.15	28.00	2.27	1.27	0.98
	前滨中	−0.61	−3.65	−1.78	2.94	2.23
	前滨下	1.99	17.90	4.13	1.55	2.02
	整个剖面	0.93		0.64

北部湾万尾金滩对台风作用的动力地貌响应过程

The morphodynamic process of Wanwei Jintan Beach in the Beibu Gulf in response to typhoon impacts

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