热带海洋学报

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北部湾万尾金滩响应台风作用的动力地貌过程

陆必宇1,庞文鸿2,喜扬洋3,覃旭健1,杨敏1,王天济1,顾靖华4
  

  1. 1. 广西壮族自治区海洋地质调查院, 广西 北海 536000;

    2. 北部湾大学, 平陆运河河口海湾生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 广西海洋环境灾害过程与生态保护技术重点实验室, 广西 钦州, 535011;

    3. 广西科学院, 广西海洋科学院, 广西 南宁 530007

    4. 华东师范大学河口海岸全国重点实验室, 上海 200241



  • 收稿日期:2025-10-09 修回日期:2025-11-18
  • 通讯作者: 庞文鸿
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(42406166);广西地矿局财政项目(GXDK202439);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U20A2099)

The morphodynamic process of Wanwei Jintan Beach in the Beibu Gulf of Guangxi in response to typhoon impact

LU Biyu1, PANG Wenhong2, XI Yangyang3, QIN Xujian1, YANG Min1, WANG Tianji1, GU Jinghua4   

  1. 1. Guangxi Marine Geological Survey Institute, Beihai 536000, China;

    2. Pinglu Canal and Beibu Gulf Coastal Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Disaster Processes and Ecological Protection Technology,Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China;

    3. Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China

    4. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China



  • Received:2025-10-09 Revised:2025-11-18
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Key Foundation of China (NSFC) (42406166); Guangxi Universities and Colleges Young and Middle-aged Teachers' Research Basic Ability Improvement Project (GXDK202439); The Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A2099)

摘要: 极端天气事件影响的海滩动力地貌快速演变,通常引发海滩下蚀和岸线后退,严重危及海岸防护与海滩旅游资源可持续开发利用。本文基于2024年4号台风“派比安”前后广西万尾金滩的剖面高程、表层沉积物和离岸区波潮等实测资料,探究该海滩响应台风作用的动力地貌变化过程。结果表明:(1)金滩遭受台风影响后,西部沙丘型剖面和中部平坦型剖面分别表现为弱侵蚀(平均侵蚀高度为0.50cm)和强侵蚀(平均侵蚀高度为2.50cm)。其中沙丘型剖面的变化模式为:后滨沙丘侵蚀、前滨中上部淤积和前滨下侵蚀;平坦型剖面表现为:后滨至前滨中侵蚀量不断减小、前滨下转为淤积。然而,东部沙坝型剖面展现为弱淤积(平均淤积高度为0.64cm),且剖面呈现后滨侵蚀—前滨上淤积—前滨中侵蚀—前滨下淤积的冲淤相间分布格局。(2)海滩表层沉积物显著变化的位置主要集中在沙丘与沙坝两处海滩地貌单元,遭受侵蚀的沙丘,其迎风坡反射性强,泥沙搬运营力强,较粗的推移质被带走,表层沉积物变细,分选性变差;沙坝的沟槽地处复杂的双向水流输沙环境,呈现“坝顶侵蚀、推移质组分增加—沟槽淤积、跃移质组分增加”台风沉积响应特征;在平坦滩面位置,海滩耗散性强,泥沙搬运营力结构稳定,台风影响后的沉积物组分比例变化小;(3)大型后滨沙丘与脊—沟沙坝地形则因其消浪、缓流的功能而在塑造剖面冲淤空间格局和减缓海滩局部侵蚀方面均扮演正面的作用。相反地,后滨修建的海岸工程则在大潮高潮位时强化风暴潮对海滩上部的侵蚀作用。

关键词: 动力地貌过程, 台风“派比安”, 滩面冲淤, 沙坝, 表层沉积物, 万尾金滩

Abstract: The rapid evolution of beach morphodynamic under the impact of extreme weather events causes beach erosion and shoreline retreat, which seriously endangers coastal engineering protection, as well as the sustainable development and utilization of beach tourism resources. Based on the measured data of profile elevation, surficial sediments and offshore waves and tides at Wanwei Jintan Beach, Guangxi Province, before and after the 2024 4th Typhoon "Prapiroon", this study explores the beach morphodynamic process in response to typhoon impact. The results show that: (1) After the encounters with typhoon event, the sand dune-type profile and flat -type profile, which were respectively located in the western and central parts of Jintan Beach, correspondingly exhibited weak erosion (mean erosion height of 0.50 cm) and strong erosion (mean erosion height of 2.50 cm).The sand dune-type profile was as followed: beachface erosion in backshore dunes and lower foreshore, and accretion in the upper and middle parts of the foreshore, while that of flat -type profile was manifested as a continuous decrease in erosion height from the backshore to the middle foreshore, with a transition to accretion in the lower foreshore. In contrast, the sandbar-type Profile in the eastern part of Jintan Beach showed weak accretion (mean accretion height of 0.64 cm). Moreover, the sand dune-type profile presented an intermittent distribution pattern in erosion-accretion variation, which was featured by of backshore erosion-upper foreshore accretion-middle foreshore erosion-lower foreshore accretion. (2) Sand dune and ridge-trough system were the beach geomorphic units where the surficial sediments varied significantly in response to typhoon event. In specific, for the eroded sand dunes where strong reflectivity and sediment transport dynamics prevailed in their windward slopes, the coarser bed loads were removed, resulting in surficial sediments becoming finer and worse sorting after typhoon. For the trough of the sandbar topography where a complex bidirectional current and sediment transport environments existed, its sedimentary response to typhoon event was characterized by "erosion at the sandbar crest with increase in bed load components-accretion in the trough with increase in saltation load components". In comparison, for the flat zone where beach was highly dissipative and sediment-carried forces remained relatively stable, the ratios of sediment components hardly changed after the typhoon impact; (3) Large-scale backshore sand dunes and ridge-trough sandbar topography played a positive role on shaping the spatial erosion/accretion pattern of beach profile, as well as alleviating local beach erosion due to their functions of dissipating wave energy and lowering current velocity. On the contrary, the coastal engineering constructed in the backshore could intensify the erosion degree of the upper beach during the spring high tide coupled with storm surges.

Key words: Morphodynamic process, Typhoon "Prapiroon", Beachface erosion/accretion, Sandbars, Surficial sediment, Wanwei Jintan Beach